Morocco

Compte rendu Hassan Rachik.- Le Proche et le lointain. Un
siècle d’anthropologie au Maroc, par Cédric Baylocq, 
Rachik nous offre ici une remarquable synthèse critique de
l’anthropologie orientaliste et postorientaliste qui se révèle très utile pour tout enseignant en anthropologie du Maroc…
Biais épistémologiques, ethnocentrisme, situation ethnographique, Edmond Doutté, Edward Westermarck, anthropologie coloniale, Jacques Berque, Clifford Geertz, Ernest Gellner

"En las siguientes páginas se analizan principalmente dos aspectos. En primer lugar, la posición de los diferentes actores políticos y sociales marroquíes con respecto a la situación de los derechos civiles y políticos. De entre estos actores me ha
interesado especialmente el movimiento de defensa de los derechos humanos. La pregunta que subyace en todo el estudio es en qué medida este movimiento contribuyó a la liberalización del régimen y en qué medida puede contribuir a su democratización.
Con esta intención he analizado su cultura política, sus características sociológicas y, sobre todo, su posición y margen de maniobra dentro del campo político (vínculos e instrumentalización por el poder, relaciones con los partidos políticos, con actores internacionales, etc.). Se trata de determinar la capacidad y los límites de un movimiento que ha experimentado una importante transformación en las últimas tres décadas. El contexto represivo de los años setenta (en el
que el movimiento únicamente podía preocuparse de su propia supervivencia y debía guardar silencio sobre gran parte del dossier represivo de los años de plomo) se suavizó a finales de los ochenta, y la liberalización se consolida en la segunda
mitad de los noventa."

Dear Colleagues,‎

We are proud to bring to you the latest edition of the FORTNIGHTLY, a review of Middle East ‎business, developments and news, for the period ending 2 October 2019.‎

Some highlights of this issue include the following:‎

‎2.3  Cox Automotive Begins Israel Auto-Tech Operations

‎3.3  Dubai's Retail Sector Undergoing a Major Transformation Due to e-Commerce

‎8.3  Strauss Group Reduces Sugar in Its Milk Chocolate by 30% with No Artificial Substitutes

‎9.8  US Defense Innovation Unit Selects D-Fend Solutions' Counter Drone System

‎10.1  Israel Ranked 38th in the World for Economic Freedom

‎11.4  EGYPT:  Israel to Start Exporting Natural Gas to Egypt as Last Obstacle Is Removed

In addition, if you would like to bring to our attention any relevant Middle Eastern regional ‎development of interest, please notify me at: seth.vogelman@atid-edi.com.‎

Au milieu des sables du désert et face aux vagues de l’océan,
plantée au bord de la route entre Laâyoune et Dakhla, la ville
de Boujdour s’est développée un beau jour de la fin de l’année 1975. Au départ, un phare, figure de proue du Cabo bojador, incon- tournable défi pour la navigation médiévale en direction de l’Afrique centrale et australe puis des Indes.
Point cardinal des verbes créateurs des cultures sahariennes et portugaises, Bojador fut le théâtre de l’épanouissement conjugué de la poésie saharienne et portugaise. Nés de la bouche des nomades et des marins, le gaf hassani et le fado portugais résonnèrent ensemble, sans le savoir, de part et d’autre du cap des poètes. Muse des poètes, Bojador vit jaillir de ses vagues d’imagination des maîtres comme Camoes, Pessoa ou Nuno Júdice, côté portugais, et plus récemment, Ruijel ou Ould Mlihah, côté saharien.
Suite au départ des Espagnols fin 1975, se sont agrégés à l’amarre du phare des tentes, puis des habitations en dur, des commerces, un port, le tout organisé en places, en rues puis en avenues... La ville de Boujdour typifie l’ingéniosité sociale en cours au Sahara atlantique depuis quelques décennies. Seule une incursion au cœur de l’histoire et de l’organisation sociale des tribus sahariennes est à même d’expliquer la rapidité avec laquelle un esprit urbain saharien a pris corps à Boujdour, à partir d’un simple phare et d’un campement.

La période postcoloniale a été marquée par des critiques de l’orientalisme et de l’anthropologie. Un genre est né. Il a pour objet la déconstruction de ces savoirs et le dévoilement de leurs présupposés idéologiques. L’observateur, le plus souvent anthropologue occidental, est observé par des auteurs appartenant aux sociétés qui ont été l’objet dominant de l’anthropologie. L’arroseur est arrosé. Dans ce travail, Hassan Rachik, s’inspirant des acquis de la sociologie de la connaissance, applique une approche compréhensive et critique aux études anthropologiques sur le Maroc, notamment celles attribuant un caractère, une âme, un esprit, un éthos, un style aux Marocains dans leur ensemble. Toutefois, la présente étude dépasse les limites d’un pays pour s’inscrire dans une histoire globale de l’anthropologie occidentale. Elle est une contribution théorique à la connaissance de l’évolution des regards anthropologiques sur la culture de l’Autre, à une réflexion sur le proche et le lointain.

Le Royaume ambitionne d’être reconnu comme une puissance africaine émergente dans son identité comme dans son espace de projection. Afin de satisfaire ces ambitions, l’appareil diplomatique se développe et se modernise, tandis qu’une identité de rôle singulière émerge autour de la notion de « juste milieu ». Cette étude présente, sur le plan empirique, les conditions de l’élaboration et de la conduite de cette politique africaine, et analyse, sur le plan théorique, l’évolution de l’identité de rôle marocaine à l'échelle internationale.

This chapter explores the side-lining of Jewish women within their own communities following the exodus of Moroccan Jews from the country in the twentieth century. Orthodox rabbis from ouside Morocco entered the country to fill the void left by emigrating Moroccan Jewish leadership, and began banning and belittling centuries-old Moroccan Jewish customs. In documenting how women transmitted Jewish customs from one generation to the next - through singing - this work unearths Jewish customs long believed to have died out.

En partant d’une enquête ethnographique au long cours (2014-2017) portant sur le mouvement « sur la voie 96 » d’Imider, cet article interroge les modalités de politisation des communautés marginalisées. Située au sud-est du Maroc, Imider est une petite commune rurale connue pour abriter le plus grand gisement d’argent en Afrique. L’exploitation du gisement minier par le groupe Managem, filiale de la holding royale, fait face à une contestation forte de la part des communautés locales depuis ses débuts dans les années 1970. Ce faisant, c’est à partir de 2011, que les habitants d’Imider se sont organisés autour d’un mouvement « sur la voie 96 » pour revendiquer d’abord, un droit à l’eau, puis, de manière générale, une juste répartition des richesses. Les militants ont occupé le « Mont Alebban » et fermé, durant les neuf dernières années, la principale vanne de la pompe à eau ravitaillant la mine. En partant d’une description des manières dont le mouvement « sur la voie 96 » a réussi à s’imposer dans l’espace public et plus largement dans le champ politique, l’objectif visé par cet article est d’inscrire l’étude des mobilisations des communautés marginalisées dans une analyse politique plus globale. L’hypothèse défendue vise ainsi à montrer en quoi une étude qui prend au sérieux les ressorts politiques des mobilisations des marges peut aider à comprendre le processus de changement et de transformation socio-politiques en cours au Maroc depuis 2011.

This article uses Spain's participation at the Cairo Congress of Arab Music (1932) as the basis to raise questions pertaining to the place of Arab music in the racial imagination of Europeans. It argues that Spain's unique response to the challenges arising from the study of Arab music in a context of colonial rivalry reveals still uncharted tensions and fractures running through musicology and Orientalist discourse at the time. My line of inquiry sheds light on the origins and characteristics of the forms of self-reflexivity evident in the musicological work produced by Spain and other European countries. In what ways did the shifting tectonics of North African politics impact or even impair the capacity of European musicological discourse to inscribe Arab music in the global imagination in ways supportive of Europe's identity projects? To what extent was the discourse on Arab music emerging in the context of colonial rivalry suitable for Spain to rewrite the memories of its past of anti-Muslim violence? What could Spain's unique position as both an insider and an outsider relative to notions of Europe reveal about western attitudes towards Arab music in a context of colonial rivalry? The answers to these questions lie not only with the peculiar ways in which Spain addressed its identity crises, but also with the extent to which the Cairo Congress exposed the inadequacy of reigning paradigms in musicology, anthropology and the social sciences, and underscored their inability to keep up with the changing face of North African societies.

Although the 19th-century Sufi figure al-Shaikh Māʾ al-ʿAynain led a major resistance movement in the Northwestern Sahara and Morocco and was one of the most widely printed authors on the Fez lithographic press, very little information on his literary and scholarly output exists in Europhone sources. This is largely due to the marginalization of texts inconsistent with Middle East-centered narratives of reform and revival inspired by the encounter with Europe. As part of a larger effort to read Maghrebi literatures on their own terms rather than imposing European or Middle Eastern timelines and concepts, this paper reads Māʾ al-ʿAynain’s 1858 riḥla (travelogue) to Mecca for how he conceptualized his world and traveled within it, including local, regional, and transregional elements.

Leachate, the liquid percolating through solid waste, remains a major concern for managers of the new controlled landfills in Morocco, especially those built under European standards i.e., with waterproof membrane and leachate collecting systems. The center of urban waste disposal of Agadir is one of these controlled landfills. After a few years of operation, the involved stakeholders are now facing the major challenge, which is dealing with the quantitative and qualitative issues of the subsequent leachate,. The aim of this study is to characterize and compare two different leachate; one from the controlled landfill of Agadir, where the analysis of the composition of heavy metals revealed a significant iron load of these effluents (36.01 mg / l), whereas, the other from the uncontrolled waste disposal of Tangier, where analyzes shows a heavy load of the leachate TSS, chlorides and iron probably due to industrial activities. Leachate samples were collected, quarterly between January...

In the Jebala region, NW of Morocco, the making of recipients of dung from cows or/and clay (tonna and tabtoba) was common in the past. These recipients were used for stocking cereals and their dry products, for feeding the livestock, or for transporting the céréals to the rotative mill. The élaboration of these objects, which dissapeared 20 or 30 years ago, represented a general technical knowledge which was carried out by all the women in the région, in order to satisfy their domestic needs.

Dear Colleagues,‎

We are proud to bring to you the latest edition of the FORTNIGHTLY, a review of Middle East ‎business, developments and news, for the period ending 5 February 2020.‎

Some highlights of this issue include the following:‎

‎2.7  Comtech to Acquire Gilat Satellite Networks for $532.5 Million in a Strategic Transaction

‎3.4  The UAE’s First WeWork Officially Opens

‎5.3  GCC Medical Costs Set to Outpace Inflation by Over 300%‎

‎5.9  Positive Macro-Economic Indicators gave Egypt’s Economy a Boost in 2019‎

‎8.1  ELSE Nutrition Receives Notice of Allowance from U.S. Patent Office

‎11.7  GREECE:  Fitch Upgrades Greece to 'BB'; Outlook Positive‎

In addition, if you would like to bring to our attention any relevant Middle Eastern regional ‎development of interest, please notify me at: seth.vogelman@atid-edi.com.‎

As works of Morocco’s most famed writers are being translated for English readers to discover, Khalid Lyamlahy explores how translators have sought to capture the full range of nuance and diversity in their volumes, offering a new perspective on Moroccan identity and culture.

On March 2014, in an Islamic-State-sponsored prisoner swap, Mohammed Haydar Zammar, the al-Qaeda operative jailed in Syria in 2001, was freed in exchange for Syrian army officers held by the IS.

News articles that covered the prisoner exchange did not bother to explain why the IS would go to such trouble to gain his release. However, analysts familiar with the history of Islamist movements knew why...

Background: Euphorbia resinifera is an endemic plant to Morocco. It is well known for its innumerable benefits and for its high toxicity. In Morocco and Algeria, the plant is used to treat many diseases such as cancer, rheumatism, cyst and snake bite poisoning. Method: The current work focuses on the study of therapeutic uses of E. resinifera and of honey attributed to this plant in the Atlas Mountains of Azilal-Beni Mellal, Morocco. Information was obtained through interviews with local people in the study area. Then, information on the most abundant secondary metabolites and on biological activities of the study species was collected. Results: Results of interviews showed that 28% of the interviewees used E. resinifera for therapeutic purposes. A total of 91% of the interviewees used honey made from the resin spurge to prevent diseases and 17% of the interviewees used it for therapeutic purposes. Results showed that in this area, E. Resinifera is used mainly to treat different categories of cancers. In addition, preparations of different parts of the plant and its honey were given orally to treat intoxications, envenomation caused by scorpions and snakes, and many genital, respiratory, circulatory, metabolic and infectious diseases. Conclusion: The resin spurge and honey made from it have innumerable benefits because of the diversity of the secondary metabolites which it contains. E. resinifera had great potential as a source of bioactive compounds, which may lead to the development of new drugs for clinical use.

L'âge moyen de nos malades était de 28 ans avec une nette prédominance féminine (sex ratio de 2,61). Le tableau clinique était dominé par une ascite fébrile dans 80,5 % des cas. Le liquide d'ascite était de type exsudatif dans 90 % des cas, lymphocytaire dans 88,67 % des cas. ...

This thesis aims to study the urban and architectonic transformation of the Moroccan city of Tangier during the Diplomatic Period (1777-1912). In this stage the city became the Diplomatic capital of the Moroccan Empire, the settlement of foreign representatives (consuls) propelled its openness to Europe leading its socioeconomic structures towards a premature westernization. This process was reflected in the material sphere through important changes in the urban and architectonic space. This thesis has identified the main agents who took part in these changes and its principal interventions in the urban landscape. The urban study has recognized the chief features of its evolution and the origin and development of its neighbourhoods during this period. Urban heritage and geographic elements have been considered as well in order to understand its configuration. In the architectonic sphere, the study has been focused, on the one hand, in the identification of the main typologies, features and evolution of the autochthonous architecture and, on the other hand, the architecture promoted by the foreigners and Moroccans has been studied. This architecture sought to emulate the features and comfort of the European models, its analysis has showed the chief architectonic styles employed, some of the principal promoters of this new architecture, the new typologies appeared and the role played by the modern construction materials. In short, this thesis is a monographic work concerning a period of the history of Tangier almost devoid of architectonic and urban studies.

What constitutes the failure of the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership? Which fallacies and truisms that stood at the outset of the theoretical conception of the Barcelona Process should have been scrutinized more in depth back then and ought to be reconsidered today? Based on these misconceptions was the Partnership doomed to be a miscarriage, or could failures have been avoided under a different practical regime. Finally, what would constitute such a regime and what is the way ahead? The Kingdom of Morocco , largest beneficiary of financial programmes by the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership and arguably the most rapidly adapting member, will serve as a case study.

American recognition of Moroccan sovereignty over its Sahara and the normalisation of relations between Morocco and Israel could have lasting benefits for the cause of peace in North Africa and the Middle East.

For North Africa, the Sahara dispute between Morocco and the Algerian backed Polisario has dragged on for 45 years, making it one of the world’s oldest conflicts, perpetuating a status quo that undermines regional economic development and political cooperation between North African actors. During discussions of a potential referendum about the disputed territory’s status in 1991, neither Morocco nor Polisario could agree on who was entitled to vote, rendering a plebiscite almost impossible to implement. More recently, Polisario’s blockade of Guerguerat, the only border crossing between Morocco and Mauritania caused a Moroccan military intervention in order to maintain the security of trade and people. In response, Polisario declared the 29-year UN supervised ceasefire was over, and resumed its armed struggle.

Università degli Studi Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria - Dipartimento DARTE - Corso di Laurea Magistrale in Architettura U.E. - A.A. 2013/2014
DESERTI E KASBEH
L’oasi di Skoura. Un progetto di rappresentazione
Tesi di Laurea in Architettura
Laureanda: Pietropaolo Chiara
Relatore: Prof.Arch. Gaetano Ginex
Correlatore: Arch. Giuseppe Mazzacuva

The Barbary macaque (Macaca sylvanus), a species endemic to Morocco, is listed as ‘Endangered’ on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and on ‘Appendix I’ of CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora), and the species is the most trafficked live mammal to Europe in the last decade. Ifrane National Park (INP) in the Middle Atlas Mountains of Morocco is the stronghold of the Barbary macaque (BM), with approximately half of the surviving BMs living there. INP had been identified as the main source of poaching where juveniles are often targeted to be sold as pets, mainly for European consumers. Born to be Wild” was a three-year project focused on the sustainable protection of the Barbary macaque mainly from trafficking from North Africa to Europe

As a collegial institution, the parliament is becoming more and more important in the countries where the democratic processes are taking place, as it is the most favorite political space where the different components of the society can synergize to generate a smooth and effective democratic change. Since the bicameral or the unicameral organization of the parliament can have significant sociopolitical implications, it is important to understand the motivations underlying the choice between the two types of organization.The present research attempts to evaluate the reasons underlying the institution, the reinstatement or the abolition of the second parliamentary chambers in some Northern African countries, namely: Algeria, Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia. This evaluation will be conducted within the frame of the comparative approach and with a particular reference to the French tradition as a source of inspiration for the studied countries.

NB: by "chicanery," I refer to Morocco's record of corruption and lack of oversight and enforcement of its laws, which could use reinforcement.

On nearly the eve of hosting the twenty second Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP 22) in Marrakesh on November 7-18, 2016, the Moroccan government authorized a new group of constructions in the Bou Regreg River Valley. The constructions include a Zaha Hadid Ateliers designed theater, the Grand Théâtre de Rabat, in addition to luxury hotels, residences, a museum, and a park. The theater and park will join the Aga Khan award winning Zaha Hadid Ateliers Bridge to Salé, a city across the river and just north of the worksite. Signs around the construction state that the complex will add to the appeal of Rabat as a city of culture. The buildings are placed in what might be considered a floodplain with the same or similar characteristics of nearby Northern Moroccan Ramsar designated wetlands and classified National Parks and Reserves, some of the former of which are on the tentative list for United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage Status. The Zaha Hadid Ateliers construction is also placed in close proximity to sites with significant historical and cultural value recognized in the UNESCO classification documents for Rabat, among others. 

In the following paper, I present briefly the socio-environmental histories of the construction and adjacent sites in the Rabat-Salé-Zemmour-Zaër region and propose how accentuating certain aspects of the environment can be valuable additions to the contemporary Moroccan economy, specifically its two pillars of tourism and agricultural production and exports.

IASTE 2016 Online Program Poster: http://iaste.berkeley.edu/iaste/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/2016/05/IASTE2016_Poster.pdf