Masculinities

Streszczenie Otto Weininger, austriacki filozof z przełomu XIX i XX wieku, jest autorem pracy, która w swoim czasie odbiła się szerokim echem zarówno w kręgach naukowych, jak i literackich, stając się jedną z najpoczytniejszych prac eksplorujących tematykę kobiecości i męskości. * Kontakt z autorką: wojnicka.katarzyna@googlemail.com 1 Profeminizm należy do grupy społecznych ruchów genderowych, które we współczesnej odsłonie pojawiły się na arenie życia społecznego w latach sześćdziesiątych XX w, jednak jego korzeni szukać można w działal-ności dziewiętnastowiecznych aktywistów, publicystów i myślicieli, którzy ramię w ramię ze współczesnymi sufrażystkami walczyli o równouprawnienie kobiet. Podstawowym celem współczesnego ruchu profemini-stycznego jest doprowadzenie do zmiany społecznej polegającej na całkowitej eliminacji nierówności, jakie występują między statusami społecznymi przypisanymi kobietom i mężczyznom. Profeminiści krytykują współczesny model społeczeństwa, który ich zdaniem wciąż oparty jest na nierównościach płciowych. Swoje antypatriarchalne nastawienie motywują faktem, iż system ten jest w rzeczywistości opresyjny dla obu płci. Jak pisał Floyd Dell: " Feminizm po raz pierwszy w historii uczyni mężczyzn wolnymi " (Dell, za Michael Kim-mel, The History of Men. Essays in the History of American and British Masculinities [Albany: State University Press of New York, 2005], 105). To z kolei wiąże się z krytyką tradycyjnego paradygmatu męskości opartego na hegemonii i dominacji oraz próbą konstruowania nowych jej wzorców, wpisujących się w model społe-czeństwa opartego na całkowitej równości kobiet i mężczyzn. W swojej działalności profeminiści skupiają się głównie na walce z dyskryminacją kobiet poprzez pracę z mężczyznami i chłopcami – zdaniem aktorów ruchu wszyscy mężczyźni muszą wziąć odpowiedzialność za swoje zachowanie i pracować na rzecz zmiany destrukcyjnej roli męskiej dla wszystkich członków społeczeństwa. W związku z tym zajmują się najczęściej prowadzeniem różnego rodzaju warsztatów, szkoleń czy kursów, podczas których ich uczestnicy uczą się m.in. panowania nad własną agresją czy przełamywania stereotypów płciowych. Ich działalność wykazuje tym samym podobieństwo do tej, jaką zajmują się feministki – prowadzą kampanie medialne, happeningi i akcje uliczne, zajmują się doradztwem i udzielaniem pomocy psychologicznej, organizują różnego rodzaju inicjatywy społeczne, takie jak np. kanadyjska White Ribbon Campaign, będąca dziś międzynarodową akcją sprzeciwu wobec stosowania przemocy przez mężczyzn w stosunku do kobiet. Zob. Katarzyna Woj-nicka, " Od maskulinizmu do profeminizmu. Społeczne ruchy mężczyzn – zarys problematyki " , uniGENDER 1/5 (2010), dostęp 23.06.2016.

Nunca como hoy la preocupación en torno a las masculinidades y las implicaciones del ser-hombre había estado tan presentes en distintas esferas de la vida pública. Asistimos a la multiplicación y propagación de agendas, programas y pedagogías sociales en torno a la masculinidad. Las prácticas y discursos psicológicos, así como sus mecanismos de propagación cultural, tienen una presencia cardinal en las comprensiones actuales sobre la masculinidad y han contribuido a articular un lenguaje para su intervención. En este texto exploramos dicho escenario a través de las nociones de psicologización y cultura terapéutica. Rastreamos ciertas inflexiones en el devenir de la masculinidad como objeto de dispositivos de conocimiento y gestión de la individualidad psicológica. Centramos el análisis en dos campos: a) el desarrollo de la ciencia psicológica dominante o canónica; y b) la expansión y popularización de los saberes psi en la cultura de autoayuda.

This study is an endeavour on the cutting edge of the field of practical theology. It engages in a pastoral assessment of contemporary men and masculinities in their manifold representations and embodiments. An in-depth assessment of current schemata of interpretation (on the issue of masculinity), is done within different cultural contexts, aiming to hermeneutically put this into dialogue with a pastoral-anthropological view on masculinity. This dialogue is initiated in order to gain deeper insight into diverse masculinities and the challenges they face in their search for meaning, intimacy and vitality. The point of the dialogue here is rather to describe than to prescribe.
The dissertation analyses ‘masculinities as experienced and enacted’ in life and ‘masculinities as represented’ in the mass media as well as in other forms of pop culture, through a multidisciplinary perspective. It is further aimed at the contextual, theological deconstruction of these cultural representations and the establishment and furthering of meaningful connections between male identity, human dignity and Christian spirituality. The focus in contemporary (sociological and psychological) research on masculinity is on enactment of masculinities or ‘doing’ masculinities rather than ‘being’ masculine. The dominant cultural images of masculinity within a globalising life-order suggest and promote materialistic values such as efficiency, performance, mechanisation and functionality. These images are assessed and the interplay between it (the cultural images) and conceptualisations of God (God-images) are explored.
This study asserts that men’s identity, self-understanding and spirituality is shaped in many ways by these images, but that the image of the crucified and risen Christ can indeed serve as a meaningful and normative-critical counter-image to the macho-images portrayed by most postmodern masculinities (which many men presently experience as confusing). This counter-image of Christ can transcend the abuse of power, the focus on performance and the commodification of male embodiment, in men’s lives, as they engage in a spirituality of vulnerable courage. A pastoral-anthropological perspective is employed in order to shift the emphasis on male identity in terms of gender and sexuality, towards a spiritual understanding of male identity in terms of human dignity and human destiny (i.e. the quest for meaning). The important question of the relationship between power, masculinity and male embodiment is addressed. Essentialist ideas about masculinity are deconstructed, and a re-interpretation thereof is introduced within a view of reality that affirms and embraces an earth-centred and embodied spirituality. Masculinity and male identity is in that sense “saved” from a commercial reduction by means of an eschatological and pneumatological perspective. This theological re-interpretation of masculinity presents a critical factor on the cultural notion that manhood is something that must be validated by means of performance (especially on the terrain of sexuality).
Masculinity, viewed from an eschatological perspective, is thus more than virility that has to be manifested by doing functions. The culturally-determined understanding of masculinity - in terms of brutal power and control – is in this sense ‘emasculated’ in this study. In the light of Christ’s resurrection, there is new hope for the re-interpretation of masculinity. The postmodern man’s resurrection is therefore not guaranteed by the “Viagra-magic blue pill”, but in actual fact by the resurrection of Christ who daily unleashes and affirms new meaningful dimensions of hope in the globalised life-matrix.
The power of masculinity thus lies in embodying vulnerability and mutual relationality, contesting unilateral and hierarchical relations. Within this context manhood is not equal to the size of achievement or success, nor performances or powerful penetration, but it rather denotes the capacity for lovingly hospitable relationships and the measure of the soul’s depth of character, i.e. its capacity to embody and affirm the courage to be.

A sequel to the groundbreaking volume Race and Racism in Modern East Asia: Western and Eastern Constructions, the present volume examines in depth interactions between Western racial constructions of East Asians and local constructions of race and their outcomes in modern times. Focusing on China, Japan and the two Koreas, it also analyzes the close ties between race, racism and nationalism, as well as the links race has had with gender and lineage in the region. Written by some of the field's leading authorities, this insightful and engaging 23-chapter volume offers a sweeping overview and analysis of racial constructions and racism in modern and contemporary East Asia that is unsurpassed in previous scholarship.


TABLE OF CONTENTS
List of Illustrations and Tables
Conventions
Preface

1. Introduction: The Synthesis of Foreign and Indigenous Constructions of Race in Modern East Asia and Its Actual Operation, Rotem Kowner and Walter Demel
I. Antecedents: A Detailed Examination of Early Western Racial Constructions of East Asians
II. Interactions: The Fusion of European and Asian Constructions of Race
III. Nationalism: Interactions between Race and Ethnic Nationalism in East Asia
IV. Gender and Lineage: The Impact of Domestic and Foreign Racial Constructions

PART I: ANTECEDENTS
2. East Asians in the Linnaean Taxonomy: Sources and Implications of a Racial Image, Rotem Kowner and Christina Skott
The Linnaean Revolution and View of Humankind
Sources of Linnaeus’ Racial Perspective on East Asians
The Essence of Asia: Swedish Views of China
Swedish Reports and Linnaeus’ Revision of His Human Taxonomy
Linnaeus’ Legacy and the Unfolding Racial View of East Asians
3. Constructing Racial Theories on East Asians as a Transnational “Western” Enterprise, 1750-1850, Walter Demel
The Founding Fathers of Racial Theories: Linnaeus, Buffon, Kant and Camper
The Second Generation: Multiple Directions
4. The ‘Races’ of East Asia in Nineteenth-Century European Encyclopaedias, Georg Lehner
Classifying the Peoples of Asia
The Encyclopedias' Main Sources for Remarks on the “Races” of East Asia
Chinese, Japanese and Koreans: Descriptions of East Asian peoples
Stereotypes of East Asians in General Knowledge
Visual Representations of Race in Works of General Knowledge
Concluding Remarks
5. The Racial Image of the Japanese in the Western Press Published in Japan, 1861-1881, Olavi K. Fält
Background
The Oldest People on Earth
The Shining Japanese Race
Weak and Inferior Race
Praising the Endeavors of a Poor Race
Conclusion

PART II: INTERACTIONS
6. The Propagation of Racial Thought in Nineteenth-Century China, Daniel Barth
The Background: Imperial China and the “Other”
Stage I (1846-1851): Marques and Wei Yuan
Stage II (1851-1855): Hobson and Muirhead
Stage III (1855-1872): The Self-Strengthening Movement
Stage IV (1872-1892): John Fryer and the Chinese Scientific and Industrial Magazine
Conclusion: Chinese Intellectuals, Social Darwinism and Race
7. Learning from the South: Japan's Racial Construction of Southern Chinese, 1895-1941, Huei-Ying Kuo
The South Seas as Japan’s Backyard, 1895-1914
Japan's Expansion into the Southern Chinese Networks, 1914-1928
Chinese Anti-Japanese Nationalism and Japanese Discourses on South Seas Chinese, 1928-1936
Southern Chinese as Non-Han Races, 1936-1941
Conclusions
8. “The Great Question of the World Today”: Britain, the Dominions, East Asian Immigration and the Threat of Race War, 1905-11, Antony Best
Immigration and “the Awakening of Asia”
The Prophets of Race War
Critics of White Solidarity
Finessing the Racial Divide
Conclusions
9. “Uplifting the Weak and Degenerated Races of East Asia”: American and Indigenous Views of Sport and Body in Early Twentieth-Century East Asia, Stefan Hübner
Sportive Citizenship Training in the Philippines
Chinese Cooperation and Acceptance of American-Style Modernization
Japanese Resistance and its Defeat by American Style Modernization
Conclusion
10. Racism under Negotiation: The Japanese Race in the Nazi-German Perspective, Gerhard Krebs
Early Nazi Views on the Japanese Racial Position
Becoming More Aryan
The Problem with the Japanese in the Nazi Worldview
Continuing Mutual Mistrust
The End
11. Discourses of Race and Racism in Modern Korea, 1890s-1945 , Vladimir Tikhonov
Race and Its Uncertainties
The Emergence of Race Theories in Modern Korea: One of the Logics of the “Civilized World”
“Race” and “Ethnic Nation” in Colonial Korea, 1910-1945
Conclusion: Race as a Path to Modernist Self-assertion?
12. The United States Arrives: Racialization and Racism in Post-1945 South Korea, Nadia Y. Kim
Contextual Background: America Marches In and Mass Mediates
The American Military, Whiteness, and Imperialist Racial Formation
American Mass Media, White Heroes, and Counter-Hegemony
Blackness and Imperialist Racial Formation
Racism and Invisibility in Korean “America”
Concluding Remarks
13. A Post-Communist Coexistence in Northeast Asia? Mutual Racial Attitudes among Russians and Indigenous Peoples of Siberia, David Lewis
Discrimination against Siberian Peoples as an Outcome of Racial Prejudice
The Origin and Legacy of Russian Attitudes to Asians
Racial Attitudes among Indigenous Siberian Peoples
The Communist Model of Racial Modus Vivendi
The Impact of Prolonged Racism on Indigenous Siberian Peoples
Marriage as an Anti-Racist Means in a Multi-Racial Society

PART III: NATIONALISM
14. Nationalism and Internationalism: Sino-American Racial Perceptions of the Korean War, Lü Xun
Descendants of the Mongolian Hordes: American Perceptions of the Chinese
The Ambitious Wolf: Chinese Perceptions of Americans
The Mirrored Self: A Nation-State in the Making
15. Gangtai Patriotic Songs and Racialized Chinese Nationalism, Yinghong Cheng
Gangtai Patriotic Songs: A “Colored” Political Genre of Pop Music
A Tacit Collaboration between the Party-State and Capitalist Cultural Producers in Hong Kong and Taiwan
The Interaction between Gangtai Patriotic Songs and Chinese Popular Nationalism
Analyses
Concluding Remarks
16. Japanese as Both a “Race” and a “Non-Race”: The Politics of Jinshu and Minzoku and the Depoliticization of Japaneseness, Yuko Kawai
The Historical Trajectories of Jinshu and Minzoku
Being a “Race” and a “Non-Race” in Present-day Japan: An Empirical Study
Conclusions and Implications
17. Ethnic Nationalism in Postwar Japan: Nihonjinron and Its Racial Facets, Rotem Kowner and Harumi Befu
Premises of Nihonjinron
Nihonjinron as a Manifestation of Japanese Nationalism
Nihonjinron and Its Concern with Origin, Blood and Racial Hierarchy
The Impact of Race-Related Tenets on Everyday Life
Functions of Ethnic Nationalism in Contemporary Japan
Concluding Remarks
18. Ethnic Nationalism and Internationalism in the North Korean Worldview, Tatiana Gabroussenko
The Soviet Discourse of the Outside World: Conditional Internationalism
The North Korean Worldview in the “Soviet Era”: Echoing the Soviet Paradigm
Mono-Ethnicity as a Special Korean Virtue: The Evolution of the North Korean World Vision under the Influence of Juche
North Korean Propaganda about Foreigners from Inclusive and Alienating Perspectives
Conclusion

PART IV: GENDER AND LINEAGE
19. In the Name of the Master: Race, Nationalism and Masculinity in Chinese Martial Arts Cinema, Kai-man Chang
From Anti-imperialist Nationalism to Cultural Nationalism
Masculinities That Matter
Conclusion
20. Sexualized Racism, Gender and Nationalism: The Case of Japan’s Sexual Enslavement of Korean “Comfort Women”, Bang-soon Yoon
Korean “Comfort Women”: Drawn in as Substitutes
The Nature of Victimization
Colonial Policies and the Mobilization of Korean Women
Treatment of Korean “Comfort Women”
Lives under Sexual Slavery
Nationalism, Gender and Sexual Violence
Conclusion
21. “The Guilt Feeling That You Exist”: War, Racism and Indisch-Japanese Identity Formation, Aya Ezawa
Power, Discourse, and “Mixed Blood”
The Indisch and the Dutch East Indies
The Indisch Community under Japanese Occupation
Indisch-Japanese Relationships
Indisch-Japanese Descendants
Conclusion
22. ‘The “Amerasian” Knot: Transpacific Crossings of “GI Babies” from Korea to the United States, W. Taejin Hwang
“An Act of Both Humanity and Patriotism”: The Amerasian Immigration Act of 1982
“Confucius’ Outcasts”: The Korean Amerasian “Plight”
Inter-country Adoption of Korean “GI Babies”
Living as a “Mixed-Blood Child” (Honhyeola) in Cold War Korea
“Half-American Also is American”: Towards Migration
Conclusion and Postscript

PART V: CONCLUSIONS
23. The Essence and Mechanisms of Race and Racism in Modern East Asia, Rotem Kowner and Walter Demel
The East Asian Contribution to the Study of Race and Racism
East Asia’s Role within the Rise of Racial Theory and the Resulting Hybridity
Sources and Manifestations of Racism
The Close Links between Racism and Nationalism
The Role of Gender and Lineage in Constructions of Race and Racism
East Asia and the Future of Race and Racism
Contributors
Bibliography
Index

The rise of far-right parties in many parts of the world threatens the work of human rights and social justice NGOs. That far-right messaging and movements are polarizing political debates is clear; there is less clarity about the affective appeals and cognitive frames deployed to engineer this polarization. This report was commissioned to examine the ways in which varying narratives and tropes of masculinity and femininity have both shaped and been used by the far-right in its mobilization of support and polarization of debate. It follows the academic literature in identifying ethnonationalism as the unifying ideology of a heterogeneous political tendency that can be collectively referred to as the “far- right”. The use of the descriptor “far-right” also serves to designate those parties and formations which have engineered the entry of extremism into the mainstream, by rejecting both the traditional center-right establishment in politics and the violent extremism of openly anti-democratic groups and individuals. The nativism and authoritarianism of the far-right should be regarded as a “pathological normalcy” and a “radicalisation of mainstream values.” The analyses and recommendations presented in this report are based on a review of the available a​n​g​l​o​p​h​o​n​e literature on the far-right, as referred to above. This was supplemented with a review of recent documentation of Oxfam’s work on gender justice and its programming with men and boys in particular, and key informant interviews with Oxfam staff involved with gender programming to identify their concerns about the rise of the far-right, and what this might mean for Oxfam’s work on issues of masculinities.

*Winner of the Peter C. Rollins Prize for Best Book of the Year from the Northeast Popular Culture Association*
An investigation of the irrational and the unconventional currents swirling behind the Bauhaus's signature sleek surfaces and austere structures.

The Bauhaus (1919–1933) is one of the twentieth century's most influential art schools, celebrated as the archetypal movement of rational modernism and famous for bringing functional and elegant design to the masses. In Haunted Bauhaus, art historian Elizabeth Otto liberates Bauhaus history, uncovering a movement that is vastly more diverse and paradoxical than previously assumed. Otto traces the surprising trajectories of the school's engagement with occult spirituality, gender fluidity, queer identities, and radical politics. The Bauhaus, she shows us, is haunted by these untold stories.

The Bauhaus is most often associated with a handful of famous artists, architects, and designers―notably Paul Klee, Walter Gropius, László Moholy-Nagy, and Marcel Breuer. Otto enlarges this narrow focus by reclaiming the historically marginalized lives and accomplishments of many of the more than 1,200 Bauhaus teachers and students (the so-called Bauhäusler), arguing that they are central to our understanding of this movement. Otto reveals Bauhaus members' spiritual experimentation, expressed in double-exposed “spirit photographs” and enacted in breathing exercises and nude gymnastics; their explorations of the dark sides of masculinity and emerging female identities in design; the “queer hauntology” of certain Bauhaus works; and the school's communist period (1928–1932), when Bauhäusler put their skills into the service of the revolution―even as Nazism emerged and entered the Bauhaus itself.

With Haunted Bauhaus, Otto not only expands our knowledge of a foundational movement of modern art, architecture, and design, she also provides the first sustained investigation of the irrational and the unconventional currents swirling behind the Bauhaus's signature sleek surfaces and austere structures. This is a fresh, wild ride through the Bauhaus you thought you knew.

Following the neoliberal restructuration of the Turkish welfare and banking systems in the 2000s, many veterans of Turkey’s Kurdish war faced debt enforcement due to failed payments for prosthetic limbs. Veterans responded to debt collection by turning their own bodies into spectacles of debt and sacrifice by publicly removing and showcasing their debt-ridden prostheses. The media interest in these prosthetic spectacles further amplified the visceral threat of dismemberment evoked by veterans’ embodied performances. The public debates surrounding “prosthesis repossession” cases extended well beyond veteran welfare issues, inscribing all sorts of social and political anxieties on the amputee veteran body, such as anxieties around the incommensurability between the value regimes of nationalism and neoliberalism or around the Syrian refugees. Providing a window into larger questions about the interconnections between disability, gender, nationalism, and neoliberal capitalism, prosthesis repossession cases show us how debt and disability coproduce each other at the nexus of consumer debt and nationalist welfare in Turkey. By homing in on the prosthetic re-membering and dismembering of veteran bodies in a rapidly changing health milieu, we see how the political economy of violence and the violence of political economy become complicit in the production of debt, dismemberment, and prosthetic rehabilitation.

Though an integral element of sport sociology, the study of masculinities in sport has been largely confined to Western sports such as American football. Embodied Masculinities in Global Sport provides a more expanded view, offering tantalizing insights into sport and manliness from culturally and geographically distinct perspectives.

Editors Jorge Knijnik and Daryl Adair, along with a group of international researchers, articulate how various types of masculinities can be played out in different sports by drawing from personal experiences of athletes, investigating the cultural—and even global—impact of male achievements in sport, and comparing men’s experiences in sport with women’s.

While maintaining the body’s pivotal role in the social construction of gender, Embodied Masculinities provides the sport sociological literature with an innovative and truly global perspective on what it means to “be a man,” whether on the field, on the court, or in the saddle.

Vulnerability and Exposure: footballer scandals, masculine identity and ethics presents a critical investigation of contemporary masculine team sports and football scandals and their relationship with gendered cultures, institutions and identity norms. Drawing on reports of Australian Rules football off-field scandals over the past decade, the book critically examines cases of sexual assault, illicit drug use and binge drinking, homophobia, violence and other controversial behaviours that have become norms in the reporting of sportsplayers’ off-field lives.

Using a range of approaches to unpack some of the ways in which these scandals are produced and understood, and how they impact on reputations (of players, clubs and the game itself), Cover identifies the cultural factors significant in the production of the contemporary footballer identity, and the ways in which these identities are constructed, performed and reported on.

In utilising scandal to develop ways in which off-field behaviour in sport can be re-made as a relatively harmless event for women, bystanders and players, this work develops an approach to ethics by showing that footballers are well-placed to see the vulnerability of others through their own vulnerability to injury, career breaks and loss of reputation.

Despite the popular aphorism, ‘the Battle of Waterloo was won on the playing fields of Eton,’ historians have been slow to appreciate the value Georgian elites vested in their public schools and public school sport. In fact, the stereotype of these schools as anarchic and pedagogically insignificant still endures. I argue that the schools of this period came to enjoy a growing popularity precisely because of their rough nature. Contemporaries praised the violence of both the dormitories and the playing fields as productive of vigorous, future leaders, capable of defending Britain in a world at war. Such rhetoric, I argue, anticipated the late Victorian cults of sport and manliness.

It is contended that, by means of the changing economic power in the nineteenth-century society, the middle classes prevailed over upper classes in Britain, and they hence established their concept of Victorian masculinity on the basis of imperialism. However, the last decade of the Victorian era witnessed the transformation of this imperial manliness that was primarily concerned with sentimental morality and later shaped by the capitalist economic interests into dandyism that was embellished with aesthetically affected codes of masculinity against the hypocrisy of the Victorian era. Therefore, this article first establishes the definition and characteristics of Victorian imperial masculinity in relation to the disciplines of gender, politics and medicine, and then delves into the concept and decade of decadence which was represented by Oscar Wilde, and his literary and critical works. Subsequently, the poetics of dandyism, as the new epitome of masculinity in this decade, is articulated with its philosophical foundations as Charles Pierre Baudelaire and Jules Amédée Barbey d’Aurevilly define. Having been affected from such philosophers, Oscar Wilde, as the artistic representation of dandiacal masculinity in Britain at the end of the nineteenth century, also presents dandy men in his plays like "Lady Windermere’s Fan" (1892). In this comedy, one can find various codes of a dandy’s masculine preoccupations and principles with a wide range of male characters. In keeping with these attitudes, the article will underline the fall of Victorian ideals in the formation of manliness and the rise of a further individualistic and artistic mode of masculinity.

Otto and B.D.G., a black and desi gay couple in the film Loins of Punjab Presents (Manish Acharya, 2007), are an exceptional representation of interracial desire in South Asian diasporic cultural production. Beyond the novelty of their representation, they use a variety of black and South Asian performance styles to critique normative and disciplinary systems that surround them. This essay explores the unconventional ways through which Otto and B.D.G.’s intimacies are depicted, and analyzes the performance styles they use to express critical perspectives on racism, homophobia, and Islamophobia. I argue that Otto and B.D.G.’s performances offer alternative ways to think through contemporary conversations around cultural appropriation and interracial desire in ways that decenter whiteness or a white desiring subject. However, I also observe how their critical deployments of hypermasculinity potentially skew public conversations about racialized violence.

Male Psychology Conference 2015
University College London 26th &27th June
http://www.malepsychology.org.uk/index.html

The theory of hegemonic masculinity has gained a lot of traction as an explanation for a number of male behaviours, including  higher rates of suicide, absence of health promoting behaviour, reluctance to seek medical attention and so on. In order  to throw into relief the situation of men in Western culture, gender relations will be explored in peasant foraging and hunter gatherer societies.

Entendiendo que las políticas públicas para la prevención de violencia de género con enfoque en masculinidades son una herramienta fundamental para transformar las realidades y los imaginarios socio-culturales que soportan la violencia ejercida hacia mujeres, niñas y adolescentes por razón de su género. Por eso en el presente trabajo analizamos los programas, proyectos y actividades realizadas desde el Estado Dominicano con fin de lograr cambios en los patrones culturales relacionadas con las masculinidades hegemónicas con objetivo de disminuir los niveles de violencia hacia las mujeres, adolescentes y niñas , igual proponemos el diseño y ejecución de políticas públicas, legislaciones y medidas desde las entidades estatales para la promoción de nuevos modelos de masculinidades positivas con los fines anteriormente mencionados. Realizamos una observación sobre el impacto de los patrones culturales de las masculinidades hegemónicas en la República Dominicana con énfasis en la situación de violencia actual, reflexionaremos sobre algunas posturas, propuestas y experiencias de algunos especialistas en estudios de masculinidades y gobiernos latinoamericanos en la materia de políticas públicas para la prevención de la violencia basada en género, propuestas provenientes de países con realidades sociales, culturales y económicas similares a la del país en que se enfoca este trabajo. Los objetivos de nuestra investigación apuntan a demostrar el impacto positivo que pudieran tener la implantación de políticas públicas integrales para prevenir la violencia de género a través de implementar una agenda de trabajo que promueva la participación de los hombres e incidencia en los mismos a través de una educación con perspectiva de género y campañas de sensibilización que colaborarían a transformar en un futuro los imaginarios sociales que impulsan las masculinidades hegemónicas. Estas políticas públicas contribuirían a forjar una cultura de paz y equidad social que garantice el pleno disfrute de los derechos humanos de las mujeres, adolescentes y niñas, teniendo en cuenta que partimos de una sociedad con profundas desigualdades estructurales de poder donde se tiene que reconocer la problemática que significa las concepciones de jerarquía por sexo que tenemos impregnadas en nuestro sistema de creencia, la cultura sigue reproduciendo relaciones asimétricas entre hombres y mujeres en la cual la violencia basada en género es la expresión más terrible de las desigualdades sociales que arropan nuestro planeta.
Palabras claves: Ma

This paper outlines a theory explaining why the provider role is important to boys in the development of their masculine identity. The family is a primary site for identity formation, and boys appear to be more badly affected by growing up in non-intact families than girls. Female identity is more marked by biological transitions (e.g. pregnancy), and gives mothers a more central role within the family than fathers. Thus the male role within the family – the provider role-needs to be socially and culturally constructed. Where the father is absent and the role is devalued, transition from boyhood to manhood is made difficult, and masculinity may be problematized as 'hegemonic', 'toxic', and 'hyper'. Solutions from traditional cultures are discussed.

This essay analyzes discourses and narratives of men who frequent the washrooms at public venues in Havana. The graffiti on toilet room walls works as an articulator of micro markets of sexual communication and gender/sexual relations. In this article graffiti is the focus of an ethnographic approach to everyday life and discourses on homoeroticism at play in those sites. The final part of the essay moves on from graffiti in public toilets to chart other places constituting a homoerotic ambiente in Havana.

Theorizing a sociology of emotion that links micro-level resources to macro-level forces, this article extends previous work on emotional capital in relation to emotional experiences and management. Emerging from Bourdieu's theory of social practice, emotional capital is a form of cultural capital that includes the emotion-specific, trans-situational resources that individuals activate and embody in distinct fields. Contrary to prior conceptualizations, I argue that emotional capital is neither wholly gender-neutral nor exclusively feminine. Men may lay claim to emotional capital as a valued resource within particular fields. The concept of emotional capital should be seen as distinct from emotion management and felt emotional experience and distinctions between primary and secondary sources of capital clarify the simultaneously durable and evolving nature of capital and the habitus. To illustrate these conceptual refinements, I use interview and diary data from male nurses. Men bring primary emotional capital, developed during primary socialization, to the nursing profession while also developing secondary capital through occupational socialization centered on empathy and compassion. The construct of emotional capital is refined as a structured yet dynamic resource developed through primary and secondary socialization and activated and embodied in everyday emotion practice.

Insofar as gender is still so often equated with women alone, the move from Women in Development to Gender in Development has changed very little. Men as a human category have always been present, involved, consulted, obeyed and disobeyed in development work. Yet men as a gendered category in a feminist sense-involving unequal power relations between men and women and between men-have rarely been drawn into development programmes in any substantial way. This paper addresses conceptual and ...

Both literature and cinema tell stories. Nevertheless, stories are told differently on the page than on the screen. This article intends to explain and put into practice an approach to the comparative analysis of literary and cinematic narrative texts; such approach will focus on character and characterization. The category of character will serve as a guiding no- tion for the analysis through an exploration of the various ways in which one lm and three short stories shape their major characters. The lm is The Grey (2011), written and directed by John Carnahan, and the sto- ries are “In a Far Country,” “To Build a Fire,” and “The Law of Life,” all authored by Jack London and evoked by the lm. The intention here is not to establish or explain the extent to which the lm may or may not be considered an adaptation of London’s stories. This is rather an attempt to compare the particular ways in which both media narrate, based on an observation of the different matters of expression that ...

This essay stems from two cultural strands, which intersect in one cultural form, the sports film. The first of these is the figure of the "star," as opposed to hero, who is interested only in self-promotion. The second strand, masculine nurturing, provides a direct counterpoint to the first. Sociologist Robert Connell explains that "In historically recent times, sport has come to be the leading definer of masculinity in mass culture" (54). In North America, sport plays an important and increasing role in our culture. Each of the four major sports leagues added teams in the last decade of the last century after little or no growth in the 1980s. [1] Coverage of sports at all levels has also increased through the addition of all-sports television networks and even a few, such as Speedvision and The Golf Channel, that are dedicated to a specific variety of sport. Only a very select few become elite athletes: the rest can compete at much lower levels, fantasize, or participate vicariously. Thus, sports films help to compensate for the disparity between those who cannot be and those who are professional athletes by contributing to the fantasies of the former group. By translating athletics to a cinematic venue, the film maker is better able to foster an identification between the characters and the viewers by placing the protagonists in situations that cannot be viewed in a regular sporting event.

Honours Thesis, Department of Social Inquiry. Social Sciences. University of Adelaide.
This thesis explores issues of identity and sexuality in the film Bad Boy Hubby, utilising Julia Kristeva's theories on abjection, love and melancholia. Through the examination of the film's representation of the 'self,' sexual difference and the Maternal body, this thesis argues that Bad Boy Hubby is unable to offer cinematic or psychical Oedipal resolution. This inability derives from what emerges in the film as an awareness and exploration of the crisis and disintegration of masculine subjectivity.

Begleittext zur Ausstellung "übersehen - Kunst in der DDR" (Institut für Kunst- und Bildgeschichte, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin), die im Rahmen des Seminars von Prof. Dr. Katja Bernhardt ("Kunst in der DDR" - WiSe 2018/2019) stattfand (04.06. - 12.07.2019) - in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Kunstarchiv Beeskow.

In these current times of masculinist political revival in different parts of the world combined with openly sexist and male chauvinistic agendas, masculinity studies have a vital task of understanding, explaining and resisting such reactionary politics.

While girl-led projects that address sexual violence can empower girls to seek consent and to understand their right to safety, this alone cannot deal with the reality of everyday violence. While girls are told to empower themselves and to voice their concerns, the surrounding cultural environment often reinforces silence, dismissal and retribution towards women who speak out. Men and boys need to be part of the solution. This briefing investigates the potentials of pro-feminist approaches to gender-based violence (GBV) targeting boys and men. Using examples from South Africa and North America, I look at various approaches and initiatives taken by and with men and boys, often with a desire to centre more radical analysis of patriarchy within the work itself. The briefing unpacks some of the dilemmas and potentials that have been raised by working with men and boys as allies around sexual violence, and ways to distinguish pro-feminist projects.

O artigo tenciona investigar uma possível relação entre dois romances, o brasileiro Capitães da Areia (1937) de Jorge Amado e o cabo-verdiano Marginais (2010) de Evel Rocha. Nos dois textos, provenientes de contextos lusófonos diferentes, relatam-se vidas de jovens socialmente marginalizados. O estudo propõe uma abordagem da relação entre diferentes gêneros, classes e identidades a partir destas narrativas. Um particular enfoque será dedicado às personagens masculinas e à presença de diferentes matizes identitários numa reconstrução de representações de gênero que problematizam e desafiam a norma hegemônica imposta pelo patriarcado.

GIGANTE, Matteo. Um olhar comparativo entre duas margens do Atlântico: um estudo sobre as masculinidades em Capitães da Areia, de Jorge Amado (Brasil) e em Marginais, de Evel Rocha (Cabo Verde). REVELL – Revista de Estudos Literários da UEMS, 2 ,19 (2018) p. 342-371.
Disponível em:
https://periodicosonline.uems.br/index.php/REV/article/view/282

Este texto possui como objetivo traçar pistas sobre como um homem transexual negocia suas experiências em meio aos aplicativos destinados à busca por parceiros afetivos e sexuais, como o Hornet e o Tinder. A partir do relato de Sérgio, é possível perceber o quanto as identidades transmasculinas possuem enormes desafios quanto à sua inteligibilidade, porque tanto nos espaços off-line quanto nos on-line não só há dificuldades para o entendimento de suas configurações corporais e estéticas, como também essa ininteligibilidade faz com que as experiências ligadas às transmasculinidades alcancem as margens do desejo e, assim, percam a preferência como potenciais parceiros/as afetivos e/ou sexuais. Isso se dá devido a uma configuração dos espaços, tanto on quanto off-line, a partir da heterocisnormatividade.