Direito Penal Das Drogas

O presente estudo objetiva contribuir à melhor compreensão da temática que envolve o uso de drogas a partir da análise do problema sob a ótica da autonomia e do princípio de respeito à autonomia. A respectiva metodologia se baseia na análise e revisão bibliográfica interdisciplinar sobre o tema a partir das referências jurídico-penais e bioéticas que auxiliam a entender a complexidade inerente ao uso de drogas. A justificativa do trabalho se dá pela atual problemática que envolve o uso de drogas e suas implicações em se tratando de usuário e o dependente de drogas. Assim, será trabalhada a hipótese de que o uso de drogas se trata de exercício da autonomia, em se tratando do usuário de drogas, pois que quanto ao dependente a situação seria diversa, haja vista sua possível falta de discernimento e autodeterminação para o consumo de drogas.  Para tanto, serão cotejados os limites jurídico-penais e bioéticos que podem se relacionar com o uso de drogas (usuário e dependente) e a autonomia. Serão abordados os princípios bioéticos de limitação à autonomia (princípio da beneficência e não-maleficência), bem como os contornos limítrofes que envolvem o paternalismo jurídico-penal, a proteção da saúde pública e a (in)capacidade jurídico-penal, referentes à autonomia em se tratando do uso de drogas.

The present study objective to contribute to the better understanding of the subject that involves the use of drugs from the analysis of the problem from the perspective of autonomy and the principle of respect for autonomy. The methodology of the paper it is based on the analysis and interdisciplinary literature review on the topic from the legal and bioethical criminal referrals that helps to understand the complexities inherent in the use of drugs. The justification of this paper is current problem that involves the use of drugs and its implications when it comes to user and drug addicted persons. It will therefore be crafted the hypothesis that the use of drugs it is exercise of autonomy, in the case of the drug user, since about the situation would be different in the case of the drug addicted, given its possible lack of discernment and self-determination for the use of drugs. To do so, will be compared criminal law and bioethical limits that can be related to drug use (user and drug addicted) and autonomy. Will be addressed the bioethical principles of limitation of autonomy (principle of beneficence and non-maleficence), as well as the bordering outlines involving criminal legal paternalism, the protection of public health and the (in) capacity regarding criminal legal autonomy when it comes to drug use.

This chapter discusses recent changes in Venezuelan drug policy. We note that, despite the anti-imperialist discourse and the rejection of the policies resulting in the criminalization of poverty, the ruling political group in Venezuela has, in recent decades deepened the strategy of the War on Drugs, fueled by Washington, implementing legal changes and hardening the agency’s resistance to the winds of reform blowing in the region. This model is an instrument of US control in the hemisphere and a mechanism to deepen the exclusion of the poor by way of their criminalization. We suggest some possible explanations for this retrograde rotation of drug policy in the context of an anti-imperialist and left wing government: The persistence of a conservative discourse by the left on the subject, attributing the increase in crime to drugs; the role of the army in the War on Drugs; the US’s accusations of drug involvement to discredit leftist governments in the region; and the attempts by the Venezuelan government to defend against such allegations. Finally, we will attempt to demonstrate how the rhetoric of the War on Drugs, displaces social processes and conflicts and legitimizes symbolic solutions associated with tough policies, at the same time that these punitive measures become an effective means of control of those sectors of the poor who are left out of social inclusion policies.