The objectives of this study were to analyze the macronutrients composition, dietary fiber, and r... more The objectives of this study were to analyze the macronutrients composition, dietary fiber, and resistant starch in Bestak sweet potato variety; to identify the prebiotic components in sweet potato fiber extract (SPFE); and to evaluate the prebiotic activity of SPFE. Evaluation of prebiotic activity was based on the change in cell biomass after 24 h of growth of the probiotic strain in the presence of SPFE, inulin, fructooligosacharide, or glucose relative to the change in cell biomass of Escherichia coli grown under the same condition. Prebiotic activity was calculated for L. plantarum Mut7 and Bifidobacterium longum JCM 1217. The results showed that ash, starch, and total carbohydrate in SPFE were lower than in the raw sweet potato and its powder. However the crude protein in SPFE was higher than in the raw sweet potato and its powder. SPFE contained 3.50% soluble fiber, 12.17% insoluble fiber, 22.23% resistant starch, and 37.90% total dietary fiber. The increasing cell number of ...
Gayam seed (Inocarfus fagifer Forst.) has a high amylose content and is a good source of resistan... more Gayam seed (Inocarfus fagifer Forst.) has a high amylose content and is a good source of resistant starch (RS). Pre-gelatinization during the preparation of gayam flour can increase the RS content, which is associated with a lower glycemic index (GI). The objective of this research was to study the changes in both the RS content and GI of gayam flour with pre-gelatinization treatment. Pre-gelatinized gayam flour was prepared from unpeeled gayam seed that was boiled at 100°C for 15, 30, or 45 min. The results showed that the RS contents of pre-gelatinized gayam flour (by dry weight analysis) boiled for 0, 15, 30 and 45 min were 15.78±0.99, 16.95±0.54, 17.06±1.10 and 17.92±0.39%, respectively. The RS content of pre-gelatinized gayam flour boiled for 15 and 30 min did not differ significantly compared with the control, whereas pre-gelatinization for 45 min produced the highest RS content. Using glucose as the reference food, the GI values of pre-gelatinized gayam flour boiled for 0, 15, 30 and 45 min were 74, 75, 61 and 57, respectively. Thus, a longer pre-gelatinization time can produce a lower GI value for gayam flour, which is associated with an increased RS content.
The effect of sodium lactate (1.8% w/w), sodium erythorbate (0.1% w/w), kappa-carrageenan (1% w/w... more The effect of sodium lactate (1.8% w/w), sodium erythorbate (0.1% w/w), kappa-carrageenan (1% w/w), and the alginate meat binder (0.4% w/w, sodium alginate; 0.6% w/w lactic acid; and 0.075% w/w calcium carbonate) on Listeria monocytogenes survival and growth was determined in raw and cooked ground beef stored aerobically at 4 degrees C. There was no significant (P > 0.05) increase in numbers of L. monocytogenes during storage of raw ground beef. However, L. monocytogenes numbers were generally lower in treatments with sodium lactate, and higher in sodium erythorbate compared to controls and meat with other additives. Increases in total aerobic plate counts were less pronounced in raw meat formulated with sodium lactate and alginate meat binder than with other additives. Cooking meat with initial inoculum levels of 6.52 to 7.03 L. monocytogenes log CFU/g to 65 degrees C resulted in lower destruction (0.56 and 1.18 log CFU/g) in samples with added alginate meat binder and kappa-carrageenan, respectively, compared to the control. Survivors (2.11-3.73 log CFU/g) decreased initially and then increased slightly, but not significantly (P > 0.05), during storage (4 degrees C, 6 days) of the cooked products.
Snake fruit (Salacca edulis Reinw.) is a tropical fruit produced in Indonesia. Snake fruit peel i... more Snake fruit (Salacca edulis Reinw.) is a tropical fruit produced in Indonesia. Snake fruit peel is normally discarded as waste. In the present study, it was revealed that snake fruit peel has high bioactivities on stimulation of the immune system. Snake fruit peel extract (SFPE) was prepared by extracting snake fruit peel powder in water for 15 h at 4 °C. SFPE enhanced phagocytotic activity of murine macrophage-like J774.1 cells. Production of cytokine such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 was also stimulated by SFPE. The gene expression levels for these cytokines were elevated. Immunoblot analysis revealed that SFPE enhanced not only nuclear factor (NF)-κB but also mitogen-activated protein kinases signalling cascades such as JNK and p38 in macrophage. Overall findings suggested that SFPE has a potential beneficial effect to promote our body health through the stimulation of macrophage.
Snake fruit (Salacca edulis Reinw.) is a tropical fruit produced in Indonesia. Snake fruit peel i... more Snake fruit (Salacca edulis Reinw.) is a tropical fruit produced in Indonesia. Snake fruit peel is normally discarded as waste. In the present study, it was revealed that snake fruit peel has high bioactivities on stimulation of the immune system. Snake fruit peel extract (SFPE) was prepared by extracting snake fruit peel powder in water for 15 h at 4 °C. SFPE enhanced phagocytotic activity of murine macrophage-like J774.1 cells. Production of cytokine such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 was also stimulated by SFPE. The gene expression levels for these cytokines were elevated. Immunoblot analysis revealed that SFPE enhanced not only nuclear factor (NF)-κB but also mitogen-activated protein kinases signalling cascades such as JNK and p38 in macrophage. Overall findings suggested that SFPE has a potential beneficial effect to promote our body health through the stimulation of macrophage.
The objective of this research was to study the effect of arrowroot containing diet on the bacter... more The objective of this research was to study the effect of arrowroot containing diet on the bacterial population and chemical properties of rat digesta. Eighteen male rats of the same age with a body weight of 200-250 g were used in the study. Rats were divided into three groups and fed with standard AIN93 diet (control) and arrowroot diets as source of fiber (ARF) 0.75 g/day and source of starch (ARC) 9.31 g/day for 14 days. Dietary fiber and oligosaccharide content of the arrowroot powder were analyzed. The result showed that arrowroot powder contained 14.86 % of dietary fiber, 396.9 ppm of raffinose, 270.8 ppm of lactulose and low amount of stachyose (<56 ppm) . In vivo study indicated that diet containing arrowroot powder increased population of lactobacilli significantly (p<0.05), while the viable counts of bifidobacteria, Eschericia coli and Clostridium perfringens were not significantly (p>0.05) different. The digesta of rats fed with arrowroot diet had a lower pH, hi...
The objectives of this study were to analyze the macronutrients composition, dietary fiber, and r... more The objectives of this study were to analyze the macronutrients composition, dietary fiber, and resistant starch in Bestak sweet potato variety; to identify the prebiotic components in sweet potato fiber extract (SPFE); and to evaluate the prebiotic activity of SPFE. Evaluation of prebiotic activity was based on the change in cell biomass after 24 h of growth of the probiotic strain in the presence of SPFE, inulin, fructooligosacharide, or glucose relative to the change in cell biomass of Escherichia coli grown under the same condition. Prebiotic activity was calculated for L. plantarum Mut7 and Bifidobacterium longum JCM 1217. The results showed that ash, starch, and total carbohydrate in SPFE were lower than in the raw sweet potato and its powder. However the crude protein in SPFE was higher than in the raw sweet potato and its powder. SPFE contained 3.50% soluble fiber, 12.17% insoluble fiber, 22.23% resistant starch, and 37.90% total dietary fiber. The increasing cell number of ...
Gayam seed (Inocarfus fagifer Forst.) has a high amylose content and is a good source of resistan... more Gayam seed (Inocarfus fagifer Forst.) has a high amylose content and is a good source of resistant starch (RS). Pre-gelatinization during the preparation of gayam flour can increase the RS content, which is associated with a lower glycemic index (GI). The objective of this research was to study the changes in both the RS content and GI of gayam flour with pre-gelatinization treatment. Pre-gelatinized gayam flour was prepared from unpeeled gayam seed that was boiled at 100°C for 15, 30, or 45 min. The results showed that the RS contents of pre-gelatinized gayam flour (by dry weight analysis) boiled for 0, 15, 30 and 45 min were 15.78±0.99, 16.95±0.54, 17.06±1.10 and 17.92±0.39%, respectively. The RS content of pre-gelatinized gayam flour boiled for 15 and 30 min did not differ significantly compared with the control, whereas pre-gelatinization for 45 min produced the highest RS content. Using glucose as the reference food, the GI values of pre-gelatinized gayam flour boiled for 0, 15, 30 and 45 min were 74, 75, 61 and 57, respectively. Thus, a longer pre-gelatinization time can produce a lower GI value for gayam flour, which is associated with an increased RS content.
The effect of sodium lactate (1.8% w/w), sodium erythorbate (0.1% w/w), kappa-carrageenan (1% w/w... more The effect of sodium lactate (1.8% w/w), sodium erythorbate (0.1% w/w), kappa-carrageenan (1% w/w), and the alginate meat binder (0.4% w/w, sodium alginate; 0.6% w/w lactic acid; and 0.075% w/w calcium carbonate) on Listeria monocytogenes survival and growth was determined in raw and cooked ground beef stored aerobically at 4 degrees C. There was no significant (P &gt; 0.05) increase in numbers of L. monocytogenes during storage of raw ground beef. However, L. monocytogenes numbers were generally lower in treatments with sodium lactate, and higher in sodium erythorbate compared to controls and meat with other additives. Increases in total aerobic plate counts were less pronounced in raw meat formulated with sodium lactate and alginate meat binder than with other additives. Cooking meat with initial inoculum levels of 6.52 to 7.03 L. monocytogenes log CFU/g to 65 degrees C resulted in lower destruction (0.56 and 1.18 log CFU/g) in samples with added alginate meat binder and kappa-carrageenan, respectively, compared to the control. Survivors (2.11-3.73 log CFU/g) decreased initially and then increased slightly, but not significantly (P &gt; 0.05), during storage (4 degrees C, 6 days) of the cooked products.
Snake fruit (Salacca edulis Reinw.) is a tropical fruit produced in Indonesia. Snake fruit peel i... more Snake fruit (Salacca edulis Reinw.) is a tropical fruit produced in Indonesia. Snake fruit peel is normally discarded as waste. In the present study, it was revealed that snake fruit peel has high bioactivities on stimulation of the immune system. Snake fruit peel extract (SFPE) was prepared by extracting snake fruit peel powder in water for 15 h at 4 °C. SFPE enhanced phagocytotic activity of murine macrophage-like J774.1 cells. Production of cytokine such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 was also stimulated by SFPE. The gene expression levels for these cytokines were elevated. Immunoblot analysis revealed that SFPE enhanced not only nuclear factor (NF)-κB but also mitogen-activated protein kinases signalling cascades such as JNK and p38 in macrophage. Overall findings suggested that SFPE has a potential beneficial effect to promote our body health through the stimulation of macrophage.
Snake fruit (Salacca edulis Reinw.) is a tropical fruit produced in Indonesia. Snake fruit peel i... more Snake fruit (Salacca edulis Reinw.) is a tropical fruit produced in Indonesia. Snake fruit peel is normally discarded as waste. In the present study, it was revealed that snake fruit peel has high bioactivities on stimulation of the immune system. Snake fruit peel extract (SFPE) was prepared by extracting snake fruit peel powder in water for 15 h at 4 °C. SFPE enhanced phagocytotic activity of murine macrophage-like J774.1 cells. Production of cytokine such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 was also stimulated by SFPE. The gene expression levels for these cytokines were elevated. Immunoblot analysis revealed that SFPE enhanced not only nuclear factor (NF)-κB but also mitogen-activated protein kinases signalling cascades such as JNK and p38 in macrophage. Overall findings suggested that SFPE has a potential beneficial effect to promote our body health through the stimulation of macrophage.
The objective of this research was to study the effect of arrowroot containing diet on the bacter... more The objective of this research was to study the effect of arrowroot containing diet on the bacterial population and chemical properties of rat digesta. Eighteen male rats of the same age with a body weight of 200-250 g were used in the study. Rats were divided into three groups and fed with standard AIN93 diet (control) and arrowroot diets as source of fiber (ARF) 0.75 g/day and source of starch (ARC) 9.31 g/day for 14 days. Dietary fiber and oligosaccharide content of the arrowroot powder were analyzed. The result showed that arrowroot powder contained 14.86 % of dietary fiber, 396.9 ppm of raffinose, 270.8 ppm of lactulose and low amount of stachyose (<56 ppm) . In vivo study indicated that diet containing arrowroot powder increased population of lactobacilli significantly (p<0.05), while the viable counts of bifidobacteria, Eschericia coli and Clostridium perfringens were not significantly (p>0.05) different. The digesta of rats fed with arrowroot diet had a lower pH, hi...
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