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- Kapisi (Kapiśi, Chinese: 迦畢試 Jiapishi) or Kapisa was the capital city of the former Kingdom of Kapisa (now part of modern Afghanistan). While the name of the kingdom has been used for the modern Kapisa Province, the ancient city of Kapisa was located in Parwan Province, in or near present-day Bagram. The first references to Kapisa appear in the writings of 5th-century BCE Indian scholar Achariya Pāṇini. Pāṇini refers to the city of Kapiśi, a city of the Kapisa kingdom. Pāṇini also refers to Kapiśayana, a famous wine from Kapisa. The city of Kapiśi also appeared as Kaviśiye on Indo-Greek coins of Apollodotus/Eucratides, as well as the Nezak Huns. Archeology discoveries in 1939 confirmed that the city of Kapisa was an emporium for Kapiśayana wine, discovering numerous glass flasks, fish-shaped wine jars, and drinking cups typical of the wine trade of the era. The grapes (Kapiśayani Draksha) and wine (Kapiśayani Madhu) of the area are referred to by several works of ancient Indian literature. The Mahabharata also noted the common practice of slavery in the city. The Begram ivories, inlays surviving from burnt furniture, were important artistic finds. In later times, Kapisa seems to have been part of a kingdom ruled by a Buddhist Kshatriya king holding sway over ten neighboring states including Lampaka, Nagarahara, Gandhara and Banu, according to the Chinese pilgrim Xuan Zang who visited in 644 AD. Xuan Zang notes the Shen breed of horses from the area, and also notes the production of many types of cereals and fruits, as well as a scented root called Yu-kin. (en)
- 迦毕试（梵文：कापिश，IAST：Kāpiśa；Kapici，Kapisaya），又译迦臂施、迦毘尸、迦卑试、迦比沙、劫比舍也，是1世纪时阿富汗境内古国，在今喀布尔西北60公里的城（Begram）。今卡比萨省得名于此。1世纪时，迦毕试曾是贵霜王朝的夏都。241年萨珊王朝国王沙普尔一世攻占迦毕试。后被嚈噠统治。 唐贞观年间，高僧玄奘到印度取经，曾取道巴米扬来到迦毕试国。《大唐西域记》有专章：“迦毕試国。周四千餘里。北背雪山。三陲黑岭。国大都城周十餘里。宜穀麥多果木。出善馬郁金香。异方奇貨多聚此国。……文字大同睹貨邏国。习俗语言风教颇异。服用毛氎衣兼皮褐。貨用金錢銀錢及小銅錢。規矩模樣异于諸国。王窣利种也。有智略性勇烈。威懾鄰境统十餘国。爱育百姓。敬崇三宝。”[1]。 贞观年间，沙门玄照法师经缚渴罗、纳婆毗诃罗到迦毕试国。[2]到过迦毕试国的还有荆州江陵道琳法师。[3] (zh)
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