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- The additional member system (AMS) is a mixed electoral system under which most representatives are elected in single-member districts (SMDs), and the other "additional members" are elected to make the seat distribution in the chamber more proportional to the way votes are cast for party lists. It is distinct from parallel voting (also known as the supplementary member system) in that the "additional member" seats are awarded to parties taking into account seats won in SMDs (referred to as compensation or "top-up"), which is not done under parallel voting (a non-compensatory method). AMS is categorised under semi-proportional electoral systems, differently from the mixed-member proportional representation (MMP). In practice, the way that proportional additional member systems work depends on the number of additional ("top-up") seats and the votes cast in a specific election. This article focuses primarily on semi-proportional implementations of AMS, like the ones used in the UK. AMS is used by the Scottish Parliament, the Welsh Parliament and the London Assembly. In Scotland and Wales list members ("top-up" seats) are elected by region; in London there is a single London-wide pooling of list votes. (en)
- 小選挙区比例代表連用制（しょうせんきょくひれいだいひょうれんようせい）とは、選挙制度の一つである。小選挙区制の要素を加えた比例代表制。 (ja)
- O Sistema de Membro Adicional (AMS), também conhecido como representação proporcional mista (MMP) fora do Reino Unido é um sistema de membros mistos híbridos de dois níveis que varia em proporcionalidade. Também pertence ao grupo maior de sistemas de membros mistos. O termo AMS é usado na Escócia, no País de Gales e na Assembleia de Londres. (pt)
- 附帶席位制（Additional Member System，AMS），又稱「額外席位制」，是單一選區兩票制的一種，與聯立制、並立制相比，也是接近比例代表制的選舉制度。 (zh)
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