Generalized parton distributions of gluon in proton: a light-front quantization approach. (English) Zbl 1539.81141
Summary: We solve for the gluon generalized parton distributions (GPDs) inside the proton at zero skewness, focusing specifically on leading twist chiral-even GPDs. We obtain and employ the light-front wavefunctions (LFWFs) of the proton from a light-front quantized Hamiltonian with Quantum Chromodynamics input using basis light-front quantization (BLFQ). Our investigation incorporates the valence Fock sector with three constituent quarks and an additional Fock sector, encompassing three quarks and a dynamical gluon. We examine the GPDs within impact parameter space and evaluate the \(x\)-dependence of the transverse square radius. We find that the transverse size of the gluon at lower-\(x\) is larger than that of the quark, while it exhibits opposite behavior at large-\(x\). Using the proton spin sum rule, we also determine the relative contributions of quarks and the gluon to the total angular momentum of the proton.
MSC:
| 81V35 | Nuclear physics |
| 81V25 | Other elementary particle theory in quantum theory |
| 35A18 | Wave front sets in context of PDEs |
| 81S08 | Canonical quantization |
| 70M20 | Orbital mechanics |
| 28A75 | Length, area, volume, other geometric measure theory |
| 81V05 | Strong interaction, including quantum chromodynamics |
| 70H05 | Hamilton’s equations |
| 30H20 | Bergman spaces and Fock spaces |
Keywords:
light-front quantization; dynamical gluon; gluon GPDs; total angular momentum; squared radiusReferences:
| [1] | Diehl, M., Generalized parton distributions. Phys. Rep., 41-277 (2003) |
| [2] | Ji, X.-D., Deeply virtual Compton scattering. Phys. Rev. D, 7114-7125 (1997) |
| [3] | Radyushkin, A. V., Nonforward parton distributions. Phys. Rev. D, 5524-5557 (1997) |
| [4] | Lin, H.-W., Nucleon tomography and generalized parton distribution at physical pion mass from lattice QCD. Phys. Rev. Lett., 18 (2021) |
| [5] | Burkardt, M., Impact parameter dependent parton distributions and off forward parton distributions for zeta —> 0. Phys. Rev. D. Phys. Rev. D (2002), Erratum: |
| [6] | Burkardt, M., Impact parameter space interpretation for generalized parton distributions. Int. J. Mod. Phys. A, 173-208 (2003) · Zbl 1035.81597 |
| [7] | Ralston, J. P.; Pire, B., Femtophotography of protons to nuclei with deeply virtual Compton scattering. Phys. Rev. D (2002) |
| [8] | Diehl, M., Introduction to GPDs and TMDs. Eur. Phys. J. A, 6, 149 (2016) |
| [9] | Radyushkin, A. V., Scaling limit of deeply virtual Compton scattering. Phys. Lett. B, 417-425 (1996) |
| [10] | Radyushkin, A. V., Asymmetric gluon distributions and hard diffractive electroproduction. Phys. Lett. B, 333-342 (1996) |
| [11] | Collins, J. C.; Frankfurt, L.; Strikman, M., Factorization for hard exclusive electroproduction of mesons in QCD. Phys. Rev. D, 2982-3006 (1997) |
| [12] | Berger, E. R.; Diehl, M.; Pire, B., Time - like Compton scattering: exclusive photoproduction of lepton pairs. Eur. Phys. J. C, 675-689 (2002) |
| [13] | Radyushkin, A. V., Nonforward parton densities and soft mechanism for form-factors and wide angle Compton scattering in QCD. Phys. Rev. D (1998) |
| [14] | Diehl, M.; Feldmann, T.; Jakob, R.; Kroll, P., Linking parton distributions to form-factors and Compton scattering. Eur. Phys. J. C, 409-434 (1999) |
| [15] | Qiu, J.-W.; Yu, Z., Single diffractive hard exclusive processes for the study of generalized parton distributions. Phys. Rev. D, 1 (2023) |
| [16] | Grocholski, O.; Pire, B.; Sznajder, P.; Szymanowski, L.; Wagner, J., Phenomenology of diphoton photoproduction at next-to-leading order. Phys. Rev. D, 9 (2022) |
| [17] | Duplančić, G.; Nabeebaccus, S.; Passek-Kumerički, K.; Pire, B.; Szymanowski, L.; Wallon, S., Accessing chiral-even quark generalised parton distributions in the exclusive photoproduction of a \(\gamma \pi^\pm\) pair with large invariant mass in both fixed-target and collider experiments. J. High Energy Phys. (2023) |
| [18] | Deja, K.; Martinez-Fernandez, V.; Pire, B.; Sznajder, P.; Wagner, J., Phenomenology of double deeply virtual Compton scattering in the era of new experiments. Phys. Rev. D, 9 (2023) |
| [19] | Hattawy, M., Exploring the structure of the bound proton with deeply virtual Compton scattering. Phys. Rev. Lett., 3 (2019) |
| [20] | Burkert, V., Beam charge asymmetries for deeply virtual Compton scattering off the proton. Eur. Phys. J. A, 6, 186 (2021) |
| [21] | Georges, F., Deeply virtual Compton scattering at 11 GeV in Jefferson Lab Hall A. PoS Hadron2017, 170 (2018) |
| [22] | Georges, F., Deeply virtual Compton scattering cross section at high Bjorken xB. Phys. Rev. Lett., 25 (2022) |
| [23] | Accardi, A., Electron ion collider: the next QCD frontier: understanding the glue that binds us all. Eur. Phys. J. A, 9, 268 (2016) |
| [24] | Abdul Khalek, R., Science requirements and detector concepts for the electron-ion collider: EIC yellow report. Nucl. Phys. A (2022) |
| [25] | Anderle, D. P., Electron-ion collider in China. Front. Phys. (Beijing), 6 (2021) |
| [26] | Ji, X., Parton physics on a Euclidean lattice. Phys. Rev. Lett. (2013) |
| [27] | Ji, X.; Liu, Y.-S.; Liu, Y.; Zhang, J.-H.; Zhao, Y., Large-momentum effective theory. Rev. Mod. Phys., 3 (2021) |
| [28] | Alexandrou, C.; Cichy, K.; Constantinou, M.; Hadjiyiannakou, K.; Jansen, K.; Scapellato, A.; Steffens, F., Unpolarized and helicity generalized parton distributions of the proton within lattice QCD. Phys. Rev. Lett., 26 (2020) |
| [29] | Lin, H.-W., Nucleon helicity generalized parton distribution at physical pion mass from lattice QCD. Phys. Lett. B (2022) |
| [30] | Ji, X.-D.; Melnitchouk, W.; Song, X., A study of off forward parton distributions. Phys. Rev. D, 5511-5523 (1997) |
| [31] | Goeke, K.; Polyakov, M. V.; Vanderhaeghen, M., Hard exclusive reactions and the structure of hadrons. Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys., 401-515 (2001) |
| [32] | Ossmann, J.; Polyakov, M. V.; Schweitzer, P.; Urbano, D.; Goeke, K., The generalized parton distribution function (E**u + E**d)(x,xi,t) of the nucleon in the chiral quark soliton model. Phys. Rev. D (2005) |
| [33] | Boffi, S.; Pasquini, B.; Traini, M., Linking generalized parton distributions to constituent quark models. Nucl. Phys. B, 243-262 (2003) · Zbl 1005.81516 |
| [34] | Scopetta, S.; Vento, V., Generalized parton distributions and composite constituent quarks. Phys. Rev. D (2004) |
| [35] | Choi, H.-M.; Ji, C.-R.; Kisslinger, L. S., Skewed quark distribution of the pion in the light front quark model. Phys. Rev. D (2001) |
| [36] | Choi, H.-M.; Ji, C.-R.; Kisslinger, L. S., Continuity of skewed parton distributions for the pion virtual Compton scattering. Phys. Rev. D (2002) |
| [37] | Mineo, H.; Yang, S. N.; Cheung, C.-Y.; Bentz, W., Generalized parton distributions of the nucleon in the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model based on the Faddeev approach. Phys. Rev. C (2005) |
| [38] | Goeke, K.; Guzey, V.; Siddikov, M., Generalized parton distributions and deeply virtual Compton scattering in color glass condensate model. Eur. Phys. J. C, 203-219 (2008) |
| [39] | Tiburzi, B. C.; Miller, G. A., Exploring skewed parton distributions with two-body models on the light front 2: covariant Bethe-Salpeter approach. Phys. Rev. D (2002) |
| [40] | Theussl, L.; Noguera, S.; Vento, V., Generalized parton distributions of the pion in a Bethe-Salpeter approach. Eur. Phys. J. A, 483-498 (2004) |
| [41] | Pasquini, B.; Boffi, S., Virtual meson cloud of the nucleon and generalized parton distributions. Phys. Rev. D (2006) |
| [42] | Pasquini, B.; Boffi, S., Generalized parton distributions in a meson cloud model. Nucl. Phys. A, 86-92 (2007) |
| [43] | Hatta, Y.; Rajan, A.; Tanaka, K., Quark and gluon contributions to the QCD trace anomaly. J. High Energy Phys. (2018) · Zbl 1405.81144 |
| [44] | Tanaka, K., Three-loop formula for quark and gluon contributions to the QCD trace anomaly. J. High Energy Phys. (2019) · Zbl 1409.81167 |
| [45] | Ji, X.-D., A QCD analysis of the mass structure of the nucleon. Phys. Rev. Lett., 1071-1074 (1995) |
| [46] | Lorcé, C., On the hadron mass decomposition. Eur. Phys. J. C, 2, 120 (2018) |
| [47] | Ji, X.-D., Breakup of hadron masses and energy - momentum tensor of QCD. Phys. Rev. D, 271-281 (1995) |
| [48] | Burkert, V. D.; Elouadrhiri, L.; Girod, F. X.; Lorcé, C.; Schweitzer, P.; Shanahan, P. E., Colloquium: gravitational form factors of the proton (3 2023) |
| [49] | Rodini, S.; Metz, A.; Pasquini, B., Mass sum rules of the electron in quantum electrodynamics. J. High Energy Phys. (2020) |
| [50] | Metz, A.; Pasquini, B.; Rodini, S., Revisiting the proton mass decomposition. Phys. Rev. D (2020) |
| [51] | Xie, X.; Lu, Z., T-even transverse momentum dependent gluon fragmentation functions in a spectator model. Phys. Lett. B (2023) · Zbl 1523.81204 |
| [52] | Goloskokov, S. V.; Kroll, P., Vector meson electroproduction at small Bjorken-x and generalized parton distributions. Eur. Phys. J. C, 281-301 (2005) |
| [53] | Goloskokov, S. V.; Kroll, P., The role of the quark and gluon GPDs in hard vector-meson electroproduction. Eur. Phys. J. C, 367-384 (2008) |
| [54] | Moutarde, H.; Pire, B.; Sabatie, F.; Szymanowski, L.; Wagner, J., Timelike and spacelike deeply virtual Compton scattering at next-to-leading order. Phys. Rev. D, 5 (2013) |
| [55] | Grocholski, O.; Moutarde, H.; Pire, B.; Sznajder, P.; Wagner, J., Data-driven study of timelike Compton scattering. Eur. Phys. J. C, 2, 171 (2020) |
| [56] | Meissner, S.; Metz, A.; Goeke, K., Relations between generalized and transverse momentum dependent parton distributions. Phys. Rev. D (2007) |
| [57] | Kriesten, B.; Velie, P.; Yeats, E.; Lopez, F. Y.; Liuti, S., Parametrization of quark and gluon generalized parton distributions in a dynamical framework. Phys. Rev. D, 5 (2022) |
| [58] | Tan, C.; Lu, Z., Gluon generalized parton distributions and angular momentum in a light-cone spectator model (1 2023) |
| [59] | Tandy, P. C., Parton decomposition of nucleon spin and momentum: gluons from dressed quarks. Phys. Lett. B (2023) |
| [60] | Alexandrou, C.; Bacchio, S.; Constantinou, M.; Finkenrath, J.; Hadjiyiannakou, K.; Jansen, K.; Koutsou, G.; Panagopoulos, H.; Spanoudes, G., Complete flavor decomposition of the spin and momentum fraction of the proton using lattice QCD simulations at physical pion mass. Phys. Rev. D, 9 (2020) |
| [61] | Vary, J. P.; Honkanen, H.; Li, J.; Maris, P.; Brodsky, S. J.; Harindranath, A.; de Teramond, G. F.; Sternberg, P.; Ng, E. G.; Yang, C., Hamiltonian light-front field theory in a basis function approach. Phys. Rev. C (2010) |
| [62] | Zhao, X.; Honkanen, H.; Maris, P.; Vary, J. P.; Brodsky, S. J., Electron g-2 in light-front quantization. Phys. Lett. B, 65-69 (2014) · Zbl 1317.81262 |
| [63] | Nair, S.; Mondal, C.; Zhao, X.; Mukherjee, A.; Vary, J. P., Basis light-front quantization approach to photon. Phys. Lett. B (2022) · Zbl 1487.81150 |
| [64] | Wiecki, P.; Li, Y.; Zhao, X.; Maris, P.; Vary, J. P., Basis light-front quantization approach to positronium. Phys. Rev. D, 10 (2015) |
| [65] | Li, Y.; Maris, P.; Zhao, X.; Vary, J. P., Heavy quarkonium in a holographic basis. Phys. Lett. B, 118-124 (2016) |
| [66] | Jia, S.; Vary, J. P., Basis light front quantization for the charged light mesons with color singlet Nambu-Jona-Lasinio interactions. Phys. Rev. C, 3 (2019) |
| [67] | Tang, S.; Li, Y.; Maris, P.; Vary, J. P., Heavy-light mesons on the light front. Eur. Phys. J. C, 6, 522 (2020) |
| [68] | Lan, J.; Mondal, C.; Jia, S.; Zhao, X.; Vary, J. P., Parton distribution functions from a light front Hamiltonian and QCD evolution for light mesons. Phys. Rev. Lett., 17 (2019) |
| [69] | Mondal, C.; Xu, S.; Lan, J.; Zhao, X.; Li, Y.; Chakrabarti, D.; Vary, J. P., Proton structure from a light-front Hamiltonian. Phys. Rev. D, 1 (2020) |
| [70] | Xu, S.; Mondal, C.; Lan, J.; Zhao, X.; Li, Y.; Vary, J. P., Nucleon structure from basis light-front quantization. Phys. Rev. D, 9 (2021) |
| [71] | Lan, J.; Fu, K.; Mondal, C.; Zhao, X.; Vary, j. P., Light mesons with one dynamical gluon on the light front. Phys. Lett. B (2022) |
| [72] | Kuang, Z.; Serafin, K.; Zhao, X.; Vary, J. P., All-charm tetraquark in front form dynamics. Phys. Rev. D, 9 (2022) |
| [73] | Brodsky, S. J.; Pauli, H.-C.; Pinsky, S. S., Quantum chromodynamics and other field theories on the light cone. Phys. Rep., 299-486 (1998) |
| [74] | Ji, X.-D., Gauge-invariant decomposition of nucleon spin. Phys. Rev. Lett., 610-613 (1997) |
| [75] | Xu, S.; Mondal, C.; Zhao, X.; Li, Y.; Vary, J. P., Nucleon spin decomposition with one dynamical gluon (9 2022) |
| [76] | Głazek, S. D.; Gómez-Rocha, M.; More, J.; Serafin, K., Renormalized quark-antiquark Hamiltonian induced by a gluon mass ansatz in heavy-flavor QCD. Phys. Lett. B, 172-178 (2017) · Zbl 1378.81152 |
| [77] | Glazek, S. D.; Perry, R. J., Special example of relativistic Hamiltonian field theory. Phys. Rev. D, 3740-3754 (1992) |
| [78] | Burkardt, M., Dynamical vertex mass generation and chiral symmetry breaking on the light front. Phys. Rev. D (1998) |
| [79] | Brodsky, S. J.; de Teramond, G. F.; Dosch, H. G.; Erlich, J., Light-front holographic QCD and emerging confinement. Phys. Rep., 1-105 (2015) · Zbl 1357.81157 |
| [80] | Ji, X.-D., Off forward parton distributions. J. Phys. G, 1181-1205 (1998) |
| [81] | Diehl, M., Generalized parton distributions in impact parameter space. Eur. Phys. J. C. Eur. Phys. J. C, 277-278 (2003), Erratum: |
| [82] | Diehl, M.; Feldmann, T.; Jakob, R.; Kroll, P., Generalized parton distributions from nucleon form-factor data. Eur. Phys. J. C, 1-39 (2005) |
| [83] | Lorce, C., Tensor charges of light baryons in the infinite momentum frame. Phys. Rev. D (2009) |
| [84] | Brodsky, S. J.; Gardner, S.; Hwang, D. S., Discrete symmetries on the light front and a general relation connecting nucleon electric dipole and anomalous magnetic moments. Phys. Rev. D (2006) |
| [85] | Scopetta, S.; Vento, V., Generalized parton distributions in constituent quark models. Eur. Phys. J. A, 527-535 (2003) |
| [86] | Petrov, V. Y.; Pobylitsa, P. V.; Polyakov, M. V.; Bornig, I.; Goeke, K.; Weiss, C., Off - forward quark distributions of the nucleon in the large N(c) limit. Phys. Rev. D, 4325-4333 (1998) |
| [87] | Penttinen, M.; Polyakov, M. V.; Goeke, K., Helicity skewed quark distributions of the nucleon and chiral symmetry. Phys. Rev. D (2000) |
| [88] | Boffi, S.; Pasquini, B.; Traini, M., Helicity dependent generalized parton distributions in constituent quark models. Nucl. Phys. B, 147-163 (2004) |
| [89] | Vega, A.; Schmidt, I.; Gutsche, T.; Lyubovitskij, V. E., Generalized parton distributions in AdS/QCD. Phys. Rev. D (2011) |
| [90] | Chakrabarti, D.; Mondal, C., Generalized parton distributions for the proton in AdS/QCD. Phys. Rev. D, 7 (2013) |
| [91] | Mondal, C.; Chakrabarti, D., Generalized parton distributions and transverse densities in a light-front quark-diquark model for the nucleons. Eur. Phys. J. C, 6, 261 (2015) |
| [92] | Chakrabarti, D.; Mondal, C., Chiral-odd generalized parton distributions for proton in a light-front quark-diquark model. Phys. Rev. D, 7 (2015) |
| [93] | Mondal, C., Helicity-dependent generalized parton distributions for nonzero skewness. Eur. Phys. J. C, 9, 640 (2017) |
| [94] | de Teramond, G. F.; Liu, T.; Sufian, R. S.; Dosch, H. G.; Brodsky, S. J.; Deur, A., Universality of generalized parton distributions in light-front holographic QCD. Phys. Rev. Lett., 18 (2018) |
| [95] | Kaur, N.; Kumar, N.; Mondal, C.; Dahiya, H., Generalized parton distributions of pion for non-zero skewness in AdS/QCD. Nucl. Phys. B, 80-95 (2018) · Zbl 1395.81287 |
| [96] | Zhang, J.-L.; Raya, K.; Chang, L.; Cui, Z.-F.; Morgado, J. M.; Roberts, C. D.; Rodríguez-Quintero, J., Measures of pion and kaon structure from generalised parton distributions. Phys. Lett. B (2021) · Zbl 1509.81617 |
| [97] | Kaur, S.; Kumar, N.; Lan, J.; Mondal, C.; Dahiya, H., Tomography of light mesons in the light-cone quark model. Phys. Rev. D, 1 (2020) |
| [98] | Maji, T.; Mondal, C.; Chakrabarti, D., Leading twist generalized parton distributions and spin densities in a proton. Phys. Rev. D, 1 (2017) |
| [99] | Dupre, R.; Guidal, M.; Vanderhaeghen, M., Tomographic image of the proton. Phys. Rev. D, 1 (2017) |
This reference list is based on information provided by the publisher or from digital mathematics libraries. Its items are heuristically matched to zbMATH identifiers and may contain data conversion errors. In some cases that data have been complemented/enhanced by data from zbMATH Open. This attempts to reflect the references listed in the original paper as accurately as possible without claiming completeness or a perfect matching.
