\(D(-1)\)-tuples in the ring \(Z[\sqrt{-k}]\) with \(k > 0\). (English) Zbl 1499.11162
Let \(n,m\) be integers with \(n\neq 0\) and \(m\geq 2\). Then a \(D(n)\)-\(m\)-tuple (say over a ring \(R\)) is a set of \(m\) non-zero elements in \(R\) such that the product of any two distinct elements plus \(n\) is a perfect square in \(R\). The authors show that there does not exist a \(D(-1)\)-quadruple \(\{a, b, c, d\}\) in \(\mathbb{Z}[\sqrt{-k}]\) with integer \(k\geq 2\), such that \(a,b\) are positive integers with \(a<b\leq 8a-3\) and \(c,d\) are negative integers. As a corollary, it is shown that such a \(D(-1)\)-pair \(\{a, b\}\) cannot be extended to a \(D(-1)\)-quintuple \(\{a, b, c, d, e\}\) in \(\mathbb{Z}[\sqrt{-k}]\) with integers \(c,d,e\). Further, the latter result is applied to the \(D(-1)\)-pair \(\{p^i, q^j\}\) with \(p,q\) being different primes and \(i,j\) positive integers, and it is shown that this pair cannot be extended to a \(D(-1)\)-quintuple in \(\mathbb{Z}[\sqrt{-k}]\) at all.
In the proofs several things are combined, among others various gap principles and systems of Pellian equations.
In the proofs several things are combined, among others various gap principles and systems of Pellian equations.
Reviewer: Lajos Hajdu (Debrecen)