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A Cahn-Hilliard-type equation with application to tumor growth dynamics. (English) Zbl 1387.35584

Summary: We consider a Cahn-Hilliard-type equation with degenerate mobility and single-well potential of Lennard-Jones type. This equation models the evolution and growth of biological cells such as solid tumors. The degeneracy set of the mobility and the singularity set of the cellular potential do not coincide, and the absence of cells is an unstable equilibrium configuration of the potential. This feature introduces a nontrivial difference with respect to the Cahn-Hilliard equation analyzed in the literature. We give existence results for different classes of weak solutions. Moreover, we formulate a continuous finite element approximation of the problem, where the positivity of the solution is enforced through a discrete variational inequality. We prove the existence and uniqueness of the discrete solution for any spatial dimension together with the convergence to the weak solution for spatial dimension \(d=1\). We present simulation results in 1 and 2 space dimensions. We also study the dynamics of the spinodal decomposition and the growth and scaling laws of phase ordering dynamics. In this case, we find similar results to the ones obtained in standard phase ordering dynamics and we highlight the fact that the asymptotic behavior of the solution is dominated by the mechanism of growth by bulk diffusion.

MSC:

35Q92 PDEs in connection with biology, chemistry and other natural sciences
35K35 Initial-boundary value problems for higher-order parabolic equations
35K65 Degenerate parabolic equations
35K67 Singular parabolic equations
35K87 Unilateral problems for parabolic systems and systems of variational inequalities with parabolic operators
65M60 Finite element, Rayleigh-Ritz and Galerkin methods for initial value and initial-boundary value problems involving PDEs

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