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A combinatorial refinement of the Kronecker-Hurwitz class number relation. (English) Zbl 1367.11044

Let \(\Gamma= \text{PSL}_2(\mathbb{Z})\) and \(\Gamma_\infty=\{\gamma\in\Gamma\mid \gamma\infty=\infty\}\). The authors prove a tessellation of the half-plane \(H:= \{(x,y)\in\mathbb{R}^2\mid y\geq 1\}\) into semi-infinite triangles with disjoint interiors \(H= \bigcup_{\gamma\in\Gamma\setminus\Gamma_\infty} \Delta(\gamma)\), where for \(\gamma= \begin{pmatrix} a & b\\ c & d\end{pmatrix}\) with \(c>0\) \[ \Delta(\gamma)= \{(x,y)\in\mathbb{R}^2\mid 0\leq d-cx-ay\leq c\leq -dx-by\}. \] An application of this tessellation is a proof of a refinement of the Kronecker-Hurwitz class number relation.

MSC:

11E41 Class numbers of quadratic and Hermitian forms

References:

[1] Gierster, Joseph, Ueber Relationen zwischen Klassenzahlen bin\"arer quadratischer Formen von negativer Determinante, Math. Ann., 21, 1, 1-50 (1883) · JFM 15.0149.04 · doi:10.1007/BF01442611
[2] Hurwitz, Adolf, Ueber Relationen zwischen Classenanzahlen bin\"arer quadratischer Formen von negativer Determinante, Math. Ann., 25, 2, 157-196 (1885) · JFM 17.0154.02 · doi:10.1007/BF01446402
[3] Kronecker, L., Ueber die Anzahl der verschiedenen Classen quadratischer Formen von negativer Determinante, J. Reine Angew. Math., 57, 248-255 (1860) · ERAM 057.1518cj · doi:10.1515/crll.1860.57.248
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