Dynamically consistent discrete Lotka-Volterra competition systems. (English) Zbl 1264.39006
The authors consider the difference equation competition system
\(x_{t+1}=x_{t}\dfrac{1+\phi _{1}(r_{1}\theta _{1}+\theta _{11}a_{11}x_{t}+\theta _{12}a_{12}y_{t})+\phi _{1}r_{1}}{1+\phi _{1}(r_{1}\theta _{1}+\theta _{11}a_{11}x_{t}+\theta _{12}a_{12}y_{t})+\phi _{1}(a_{11}x_{t}+a_{12}y_{t})},\)
\(y_{t+1}=y_{t}\dfrac{1+\phi _{2}(r_{2}\theta _{2}+\theta _{21}a_{21}x_{t}+\theta _{22}a_{22}y_{t})+\phi _{2}r_{2}}{1+\phi _{2}(r_{2}\theta _{2}+\theta _{21}a_{21}x_{t}+\theta _{22}a_{22}y_{t})+\phi _{2}(a_{21}x_{t}+a_{22}y_{t})}\),
where \(t=0,1,2,\dots,\) \(\phi _{i}>0\), \(\theta _{i}\geq 0\), \(\theta _{ij}\geq 0\), \(r_{i}>0\) and \(a_{ij}>0\) for all \(i,j=1,2\). This 2D map is derived using a non-standard finite difference method from the continuous time Lotka-Volterra competition system \(x^{\prime }=x(r_{1}-a_{11}x-a_{12}y)\), \(y^{\prime }=y(r_{2}-a_{21}x-a_{22}y)\). Then, under the condition that \(\theta _{11}\geq \theta _{12}\) and \(\theta _{22}\geq \theta _{21}\), the dynamics of the discrete system are almost the same as of the continuous system. The difference equations are dynamically consistent with their continuous counterparts. The positivity of solutions, monotonicity of solutions and stability conditions of equilibria are all preserved.
\(x_{t+1}=x_{t}\dfrac{1+\phi _{1}(r_{1}\theta _{1}+\theta _{11}a_{11}x_{t}+\theta _{12}a_{12}y_{t})+\phi _{1}r_{1}}{1+\phi _{1}(r_{1}\theta _{1}+\theta _{11}a_{11}x_{t}+\theta _{12}a_{12}y_{t})+\phi _{1}(a_{11}x_{t}+a_{12}y_{t})},\)
\(y_{t+1}=y_{t}\dfrac{1+\phi _{2}(r_{2}\theta _{2}+\theta _{21}a_{21}x_{t}+\theta _{22}a_{22}y_{t})+\phi _{2}r_{2}}{1+\phi _{2}(r_{2}\theta _{2}+\theta _{21}a_{21}x_{t}+\theta _{22}a_{22}y_{t})+\phi _{2}(a_{21}x_{t}+a_{22}y_{t})}\),
where \(t=0,1,2,\dots,\) \(\phi _{i}>0\), \(\theta _{i}\geq 0\), \(\theta _{ij}\geq 0\), \(r_{i}>0\) and \(a_{ij}>0\) for all \(i,j=1,2\). This 2D map is derived using a non-standard finite difference method from the continuous time Lotka-Volterra competition system \(x^{\prime }=x(r_{1}-a_{11}x-a_{12}y)\), \(y^{\prime }=y(r_{2}-a_{21}x-a_{22}y)\). Then, under the condition that \(\theta _{11}\geq \theta _{12}\) and \(\theta _{22}\geq \theta _{21}\), the dynamics of the discrete system are almost the same as of the continuous system. The difference equations are dynamically consistent with their continuous counterparts. The positivity of solutions, monotonicity of solutions and stability conditions of equilibria are all preserved.
Reviewer: Bilender P. Allahverdiev (Isparta)
MSC:
39A12 | Discrete version of topics in analysis |
65L12 | Finite difference and finite volume methods for ordinary differential equations |
34A45 | Theoretical approximation of solutions to ordinary differential equations |
39A22 | Growth, boundedness, comparison of solutions to difference equations |
39A20 | Multiplicative and other generalized difference equations |
39A30 | Stability theory for difference equations |
92D25 | Population dynamics (general) |
Keywords:
dynamically consistent; monotonicity; non-standard finite difference method; Lotka-Volterra competition system; positivity; stabilityReferences:
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