Summary: This paper serves as a continuation and expansion of the previous achievement by B. Han and D. Jiang [Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul. 128, Article ID 107596, 31 p. (2024; Zbl 1531.34075)]. Our initial step involves transforming the more complex stochastic Holling-II model featuring a stronger kernel into a simplified yet degenerate stochastic system composed of five interconnected equations. For the deterministic component of this model, we delve into an extensive examination of the local asymptotic stability of its positive equilibrium state. Subsequently, for the stochastic model, we derive critical conditions that determine the thresholds for exponential extinction and persistence of both predator and prey populations. Importantly, our findings not only encompass scenarios where there are no stochastic disturbances but also shed light on how environmental noise impacts the population dynamics within the predator-prey system. Through the exploration of the homologous Fokker-Planck equations, we present approximate representations characterizing the probability density function of the stochastic predator-prey model. To substantiate these theoretical advancements, several illustrative examples are provided, offering numerical elucidations of our proposed results and emphasizing the profound effects of stochastic noises and some important parameters on the behaviors of the stochastic model.