×

Robust mean field linear quadratic social control: open-loop and closed-loop strategies. (English) Zbl 1494.49026

Summary: This paper investigates the robust social optimum problem for linear quadratic mean field control systems by the direct approach, where model uncertainty appears in both drift and diffusion terms of each agent. We take a zero-sum game approach by considering local disturbance as the control of an adversarial player. Under centralized information structure, we first obtain the necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of open-loop and closed-loop saddle points, which are characterized by the solvability of forward-backward stochastic differential equations (FBSDEs) and two coupled Riccati equations, respectively. By considering the infinite system, we next design a set of decentralized open-loop strategies based on mean field FBSDEs and obtain closed-loop strategies in terms of two uncoupled Riccati equations. Finally, the performance of the proposed decentralized strategies is analyzed and the efficiency is verified by numerical simulation.

MSC:

49N80 Mean field games and control
91A16 Mean field games (aspects of game theory)
93E03 Stochastic systems in control theory (general)
93E20 Optimal stochastic control
49N10 Linear-quadratic optimal control problems
Full Text: DOI

References:

[1] A. Bensoussan, J. Frehse, and P. Yam, Mean Field Games and Mean Field Type Control Theory, Springer, New York, 2013. · Zbl 1287.93002
[2] A. Bensoussan, K. C. J. Sung, S. C. P. Yam, and S. P. Yung, Linear-quadratic mean field games, J. Optim. Theory Appl., 169 (2016), pp. 1556-1563. · Zbl 1343.91010
[3] B.-C. Wang and J.-F. Zhang, Mean field games for large-population multiagent systems with Markov jump parameters, SIAM J. Control Optim., 50 (2012), pp. 2308-2334, https://doi.org/10.1137/100800324. · Zbl 1263.91007
[4] B.-C. Wang and J.-F. Zhang, Distributed control of multi-agent systems with random parameters and a major agent, Automatica J. IFAC, 48 (2012), pp. 2093-2106. · Zbl 1257.93008
[5] B.-C. Wang and J.-F. Zhang, Social optima in mean field linear-quadratic-Gaussian models with Markov jump parameters, SIAM J. Control Optim., 55 (2017), pp. 429-456, https://doi.org/10.1137/15M104178X.
[6] B.-C. Wang and J.-F. Zhang, Distributed output feedback control of Markov jump multi-agent systems, Automatica J. IFAC, 49 (2013), pp. 1397-1402. · Zbl 1319.93072
[7] B.-C. Wang and H. Zhang, Indefinite linear quadratic mean field social control problems with multiplicative noise, IEEE Trans. Automat. Control, 66 (2021), pp. 5221-5236. · Zbl 1536.93968
[8] B.-C. Wang, H. Zhang, and J.-F. Zhang, Mean field linear-quadratic control: Uniform stabilization and social optimality, Automatica J. IFAC, 121 (2020), 109088. · Zbl 1448.91028
[9] B.-C. Wang and J. Huang, Mean field production output control with sticky prices: Nash and social solution, Automatica J. IFAC, 100 (2019), pp. 90-98. · Zbl 1411.91064
[10] B.-C. Wang, J. Huang, and J.-F. Zhang, Social optima in robust mean field LQG control: From finite to infinite horizon, IEEE Trans. Automat. Control, 66 (2021), pp. 1529-1544. · Zbl 1536.91056
[11] B.-C. Wang and Y. Liang, Robust mean field social control problems with applications in analysis of opinion dynamics, Int. J. Control, (2021), https://doi.org/10.1080/00207179.2021.1971302. · Zbl 1505.91306
[12] D. A. Gomes and J. Saude, Mean field games models-a brief survey, Dyn. Games Appl., 4 (2014), pp. 110-154. · Zbl 1314.91048
[13] D. Bauso, H. Tembine, and T. Basar, Opinion dynamics in social networks through mean-field games, SIAM J. Control Optim., 54 (2016), pp. 3225-3257, https://doi.org/10.1137/140985676. · Zbl 1351.93004
[14] D. Lacker, A general characterization of the mean field limit for stochastic differential games, Probab. Theory Related Fields, 165 (2016), pp. 581-648. · Zbl 1344.60065
[15] J. Arabneydi and A. Mahajan, Linear Quadratic Mean Field Teams: Optimal and Approximately Optimal Decentralized Solutions, preprint, https://arxiv.org/abs/1609.00056, 2016.
[16] J. Arabneydi and A. G. Aghdam, Deep teams: Decentralized decision making with finite and infinite number of agents, IEEE Trans. Automat. Control, 65 (2020), pp. 4230-4245. · Zbl 1533.91119
[17] J. Huang, B.-C. Wang, and J. Yong, Social optima in mean field linear-quadratic-Gaussian control with volatility uncertainty, SIAM J. Control Optim., 59 (2021), pp. 825-856, https://doi.org/10.1137/19M1306737. · Zbl 1459.91013
[18] J. Huang and M. Huang, Robust mean field linear-quadratic-Gaussian games with unknown \(L^2\)-disturbance, SIAM J. Control Optim., 55 (2017), pp. 2811-2840, https://doi.org/10.1137/15M1014437. · Zbl 1414.91057
[19] J.-M. Lasry and P.-L. Lions, Mean field games, Jpn J. Math., 2 (2007), pp. 229-260. · Zbl 1156.91321
[20] J. Moon and T. Başar, Linear quadratic risk-sensitive and robust mean field games, IEEE Trans. Automat. Control, 62 (2017), pp. 1062-1077. · Zbl 1366.91018
[21] J. Sun and J. Yong, Linear quadratic stochastic differential games: Open-loop and closed-loop saddle points, SIAM J. Control Optim., 52 (2014), pp. 4082-4121, https://doi.org/10.1137/140953642. · Zbl 1307.93466
[22] J. Sun, J. Yong, and S. Zhang, Linear quadratic stochastic two-person zero-sum differential games in an infinite horizon, ESAIM Control Optim. Calc. Var., 22 (2016), pp. 743-769. · Zbl 1342.93122
[23] J. Sun and J. Yong, Linear-quadratic stochastic two-person nonzero-sum differential games: Open-loop and closed-loop Nash equilibria, Stochastic Process. Appl., 129 (2019), pp. 381-418. · Zbl 1405.91025
[24] J. Sun, X. Li, and J. Yong, Open-loop and closed-loop solvabilities for stochastic linear quadratic optimal control problems, SIAM J. Control Optim., 54 (2016), pp. 2274-2308, https://doi.org/10.1137/15M103532X. · Zbl 1347.49033
[25] J. Yong, Linear-quadratic optimal control problems for mean-field stochastic differential equations, SIAM J. Control Optim., 51 (2013), pp. 2809-2838, https://doi.org/10.1137/120892477. · Zbl 1275.49060
[26] M. Fischer, On the connection between symmetric \(N\)-player games and mean field games, Ann. Appl. Probab., 27 (2017), pp. 757-810. · Zbl 1375.91009
[27] M. Huang and M. Zhou, Linear quadratic mean field games: Asymptotic solvability and relation to the fixed point approach, IEEE Trans. Automat. Control, 65 (2020), pp. 1397-1412. · Zbl 1533.91045
[28] M. Huang, P. E. Caines, and R. P. Malhamé, Large-population cost-coupled LQG problems with non-uniform agents: Individual-mass behavior and decentralized \(\varepsilon \)-Nash equilibria, IEEE Trans. Automat. Control, 52 (2007), pp. 1560-1571. · Zbl 1366.91016
[29] M. Huang, P. E. Caines, and R. Malhamé, Social optima in mean field LQG control: Centralized and decentralized strategies, IEEE Trans. Automat. Control, 57 (2012), pp. 1736-1751. · Zbl 1369.49052
[30] M. Huang, R. P. Malhamé, and P. E. Caines, Large population stochastic dynamic games: Closed-loop McKean-Vlasov systems and the Nash certainty equivalence principle, Commun. Inf. Syst., 6 (2006), pp. 221-251. · Zbl 1136.91349
[31] P. Cardaliaguet, Notes on Mean Field Games, University of Paris, Dauphine, France, 2012.
[32] P. Cardaliaguet, F. Delarue, J. M. Lasry, and P. L. Lions, The Master Equation and the Convergence Problem in Mean Field Games, preprint, https://arxiv.org/abs/1509.02505, 2015. · Zbl 1430.91002
[33] P. E. Caines, M. Huang, and R. P. Malhamé, Mean field games, in Handbook of Dynamic Game Theory, T. Basar and G. Zaccour, eds., Springer, Cham, 2018, pp. 345-372.
[34] P. E. Caines and M. Huang, Graphon mean field games and their equations, SIAM J. Control Optim., 59 (2021), pp. 4373-4399, https://doi.org/10.1137/20M136373X. · Zbl 1479.91035
[35] R. Carmona and F. Delarue, Probabilistic Theory of Mean Field Games with Applications I-II, Springer, Cham, 2018. · Zbl 1422.91014
[36] S. Gao, P. E. Caines, and M. Huang, LQG graphon mean field games: Graphon invariant subspaces, in Proceedings of the 60th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, 2021, pp. 5253-5260.
[37] T. Başar and G. J. Olsder, Dynamic Noncooperative Game Theory, Classics Appl. Math. 23, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM), Philadelphia, 1998, https://doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611971132. · Zbl 0946.91001
[38] T. Li and J.-F. Zhang, Asymptotically optimal decentralized control for large population stochastic multiagent systems, IEEE Trans. Automat. Control, 53 (2008), pp. 1643-1660. · Zbl 1367.93249
[39] V. N. Kolokoltsov, M. Troevam, and W. Yang, On the rate of convergence for the mean-field approximation of controlled diffusions with large number of players, Dyn. Games Appl., 4 (2014), pp. 208-230. · Zbl 1314.91020
This reference list is based on information provided by the publisher or from digital mathematics libraries. Its items are heuristically matched to zbMATH identifiers and may contain data conversion errors. In some cases that data have been complemented/enhanced by data from zbMATH Open. This attempts to reflect the references listed in the original paper as accurately as possible without claiming completeness or a perfect matching.