×

On exact and approximate stochastic dominance strategies for portfolio selection. (English) Zbl 1395.91396

Summary: One recent and promising strategy for enhanced indexation is the selection of portfolios that stochastically dominate the benchmark. We propose here a new type of approximate stochastic dominance rule which implies other existing approximate stochastic dominance rules. We then use it to find the portfolio that approximately stochastically dominates a given benchmark with the best possible approximation. Our model is initially formulated as a linear program with exponentially many constraints, and then reformulated in a more compact manner so that it can be very efficiently solved in practice. This reformulation also reveals an interesting financial interpretation. We compare our approach with several exact and approximate stochastic dominance models for portfolio selection. An extensive empirical analysis on real and publicly available datasets shows very good out-of-sample performances of our model.

MSC:

91G10 Portfolio theory
91B30 Risk theory, insurance (MSC2010)
91B06 Decision theory
60E15 Inequalities; stochastic orderings

Software:

OR-Library; TOMLAB

References:

[1] Beasley, J. E., OR-library: Distributing test problems by electronic mail, Journal of the Operational Research Society, 41, 1069-1072 (1990)
[2] Bruni, R.; Cesarone, F.; Scozzari, A.; Tardella, F., A new stochastic dominance approach to enhanced index tracking problems, Economics Bulletin, 32, 3460-3470 (2012)
[3] Bruni, R.; Cesarone, F.; Scozzari, A.; Tardella, F., No arbitrage and a linear portfolio selection model, Economics Bulletin, 33, 1247-1258 (2013)
[4] Bruni, R.; Cesarone, F.; Scozzari, A.; Tardella, F., A linear risk-return model for enhanced indexation in portfolio optimization, OR Spectrum, 37, 735-759 (2015) · Zbl 1318.91175
[5] Bruni, R.; Cesarone, F.; Scozzari, A.; Tardella, F., Real-world datasets for portfolio selection and solutions of some stochastic dominance portfolio models, Data in Brief, 8, 858-862 (2016)
[6] Canakgoz, N. A.; Beasley, J. E., Mixed-integer programming approaches for index tracking and enhanced indexation, European Journal of Operational Research, 196, 384-399 (2008) · Zbl 1159.91464
[7] Castagnoli, E., Some remarks of stochastic dominance, Rivista di matematica per le scienze economiche e sociali, 7, 15-28 (1983) · Zbl 0556.90001
[8] Cesarone, F.; Scozzari, A.; Tardella, F., A new method for mean-variance portfolio optimization with cardinality constraints, Annals of Operations Research, 205, 213-234 (2013) · Zbl 1269.91069
[9] Cesarone, F.; Scozzari, A.; Tardella, F., Linear vs. quadratic portfolio selection models with hard real-world constraints, Computational Management Science, 12, 345-370 (2015) · Zbl 1355.91076
[10] DeMiguel, V.; Garlappi, L.; Uppal, R., Optimal versus naive diversification: How inefficient is the \(1/n\) portfolio strategy?, Review of Financial Studies, 22, 1915-1953 (2009)
[11] Denuit, M. M.; Huang, R. J.; Tzeng, L. Y.; Wang, C. W., Almost marginal conditional stochastic dominance, Journal of Banking & Finance, 41, 57-66 (2014)
[12] Fábián, C. I.; Mitra, G.; Roman, D.; Zverovich, V., An enhanced model for portfolio choice with SSD criteria: A constructive approach, Quantitative Finance, 11, 1525-1534 (2011) · Zbl 1258.91195
[13] Goodwin, T. H., The information ratio, Financial Analysts Journal, 54, 34-43 (1998)
[14] Gotoh, J.; Konno, H., Third degree stochastic dominance and mean-risk analysis, Management Science, 46, 289-301 (2000) · Zbl 1231.91192
[15] Grötschel, M.; Lovász, L.; Schrijver, A., Geometric algorithms and combinatorial optimization (1993), Springer-Verlag, Berlin · Zbl 0837.05001
[16] Guastaroba, G.; Speranza, M. G., Kernel search: An application to the index tracking problem, European Journal of Operational Research, 217, 54-68 (2012) · Zbl 1244.91109
[17] Guo, X.; Post, T.; Wong, W. K.; Zhu, L., Moment conditions for almost stochastic dominance, Economics Letters, 124, 163-167 (2014) · Zbl 1302.91062
[18] Hodder, J. E.; Jackwerth, J. C.; Kolokolova, O., Improved portfolio choice using second-order stochastic dominance, Review of Finance, 19, 1623-1647 (2015) · Zbl 1417.91453
[19] Holmstrom, K.; Goran, A. O.; Edvall, M. M., Users Guide for TOMLAB, TOMLAB Optimization (2012), Sweden
[20] Jegadeesh, N.; Titman, S., Profitability of momentum strategies: An evaluation of alternative explanations, The Journal of Finance, 56, 699-720 (2001)
[21] Jensen, M., The performance of mutual funds in the period 1945-1964, Journal of Finance, 23, 389-416 (1968)
[22] Kopa, M.; Post, T., A general test for SSD portfolio efficiency, OR Spectrum, 37, 703-734 (2015) · Zbl 1318.91185
[23] Kuosmanen, T., Efficient diversification according to stochastic dominance criteria, Management Science, 50, 1390-1406 (2004)
[24] Leshno, M.; Levy, H., Preferred by “all” and preferred by “most” decision makers: Almost stochastic dominance, Management Science, 48, 1074-1085 (2002) · Zbl 1232.90224
[25] Levy, H., Stochastic dominance and expected utility: Survey and analysis, Management Science, 38, 555-593 (1992) · Zbl 0764.90004
[26] Levy, H., Stochastic dominance: Investment decision making under uncertainty (2006), Springer: Springer New York · Zbl 1109.91037
[27] Levy, H.; Leshno, M.; Leibovitch, B., Economically relevant preferences for all observed epsilon, Annals of Operations Research, 176, 153-178 (2010) · Zbl 1233.91076
[28] Lizyayev, A.; Ruszczynski, A., Tractable almost stochastic dominance, European Journal of Operational Research, 218, 448-455 (2012) · Zbl 1244.91112
[29] Longarela, I. R., A characterization of the SSD-efficient frontier of portfolio weights by means of a set of mixed-integer linear constraints, Management Science (2015)
[30] Luedtke, J., New formulations for optimization under stochastic dominance constraints, SIAM Journal on Optimization, 19, 1433-1450 (2008) · Zbl 1180.90215
[31] Markowitz, H. M., Portfolio selection: Efficient diversification of investments, Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics at Yale University, Monograph 16 (1959), John Wiley & Sons Inc: John Wiley & Sons Inc New York
[32] Meucci, A., Risk and asset allocation (2005), Springer: Springer Heidelberg, Germany · Zbl 1102.91067
[33] von Neumann, J.; Morgenstern, O., Theory of games and economic behavior (1944), Princeton University Press: Princeton University Press Princeton, New Jersey · Zbl 0063.05930
[34] Post, T.; Kopa, M., General linear formulations of stochastic dominance criteria, European Journal of Operational Research, 230, 321-332 (2013) · Zbl 1317.91036
[35] Post, T.; Kopa, M., Portfolio choice based on third-degree stochastic dominance, Management Science (2016)
[36] Rachev, S.; Biglova, A.; Ortobelli, S.; Stoyanov, S., Different approaches to risk estimation in portfolio theory, The Journal of Portfolio Management, 31, 103-112 (2004)
[37] Rachev, S. T.; Stoyanov, S. V.; Fabozzi, F. J., Advanced stochastic models, risk assessment, and portfolio optimization: The ideal risk, uncertainty, and performance measures (2008), John Wiley & Sons Inc: John Wiley & Sons Inc Hoboken, New Jersey
[38] Rockafellar, R. T.; Uryasev, S., Optimization of conditional value-at-risk, Journal of Risk, 2, 21-42 (2000)
[39] Roman, D.; Mitra, G.; Zviarovich, V., Enhanced indexation based on second-order stochastic dominance, European Journal of Operational Research, 228, 273-281 (2013) · Zbl 1332.91104
[40] Ruszczyński, A.; Vanderbei, R. J., Frontiers of stochastically nondominated portfolios, Econometrica, 71, 1287-1297 (2003) · Zbl 1154.91475
[41] Sharpe, W. F., Mutual fund performance, Journal of Business, 39, 119-138 (1966)
[42] Sharpe, W. F., The sharpe ratio, The Journal of Portfolio Management, 21, 49-58 (1994)
[43] Sortino, F. A.; Satchell, S., Managing downside risk in financial markets (2001), Batterworth-Heinemann Finance: Batterworth-Heinemann Finance Oxford
[44] Tsetlin, I.; Winkler, R. L.; Huang, R. J.; Tzeng, L. Y., Generalized almost stochastic dominance, Operations Research, 63, 363-377 (2015) · Zbl 1372.91030
[45] Tzeng, L. Y.; Huang, R. J.; Shih, P.-T., Revisiting almost second-degree stochastic dominance, Management Science, 59, 1250-1254 (2013)
This reference list is based on information provided by the publisher or from digital mathematics libraries. Its items are heuristically matched to zbMATH identifiers and may contain data conversion errors. In some cases that data have been complemented/enhanced by data from zbMATH Open. This attempts to reflect the references listed in the original paper as accurately as possible without claiming completeness or a perfect matching.