Greenhouse Effect

Decarbonizing the transportation sector is critical to achieving global climate change mitigation. Although biofuels will play an important role in conventional gasoline and diesel applications, bioderived solutions are particularly important in jet fuels and lubricants, for which no other viable renewable alternatives exist. Producing compounds for jet fuel and lubricant base oil applications often requires upgrading fermentation products, such as alcohols and ketones, to reach the appropriate molecular-weight range. Ketones possess both electrophilic and nucleophilic functionality, which allows them to be used as building blocks similar to alkenes and aromatics in a petroleum refining complex. Here, we develop a method for selectively upgrading biomass-derived alkyl methyl ketones with >95% yields into trimer condensates, which can then be hydrodeoxygenated in near-quantitative yields to give a new class of cycloalkane compounds. The basic chemistry developed here can be tailor...

The Kyoto protocol establishes a gradual reduction of gas emissions to control the greenhouse effect and the destruction of the ozone layer. The conventional refrigeration systems are based on the cyclic compression and expansion of some fluid with the subsequent gas-liquid transitions. The heat transferred from the cool source to the hot one is basically the latent heat of vaporization. The typical fluids used for this purpose are highly contaminant in the sense of the Kyoto protocol. They are confined to closed circuits, but sooner or later they leak to the atmosphere. Therefore some alternatives are being searched. One of the most promising methods is based on the

The likely health effects of climate change make it one of the most pressing global public health issues of our time. Effects range from more intense and frequent cyclones, flooding, and heat waves through to changing infectious disease patterns, food and water insecurity, sea-level rise, and economic and social disruption. The governments of almost all developed nations are now focusing their attention on national policy responses to the threat of climate change. In New Zealand, it is currently unclear what path our current government will take to contribute to the global response and fulfil our Kyoto obligations. In this paper we discuss the main carbon pricing options currently under consideration, and their implications for health and health inequities in New Zealand. We summarise the literature about the likely health and equity implications of different kinds of carbon pricing policy. A health sector voice in these significant policy decisions is vital to ensuring a policy tha...

Levels of parasitism and the dynamics of helminth systems is subject to the impact of environmental conditions such that we may expect long term increases in temperature will increase the force of infection and the parasite's basic reproduction number, R0. We postulate that an increase in the force of infection will only lead to an increase in mean intensity of adults when adult parasite mortality is not determined by acquired immunity. Preliminary examination of long term trends of parasites of rabbits and grouse confirm these predictions. Parasite development rate increases with temperature and while laboratory studies indicate this is linear some recent studies indicate that this may be non-linear and would have an important impact on R0. Warming would also reduce the selective pressure for the development of arrestment and this would increase R0 so that in systems like the grouse and Trichostrongylus tenuis this would increase the instability and lead to larger disease outbr...

The Chicxulub impact crater in Mexico is the site of the impact purported to have caused mass extinctions at the Cretaceous/Tertiary (K/T) boundary. 2-D hydrocode modeling of the impact, coupled with studies of the impact site geology, indicate that between 0.4 and 7.0 × 10 17 g of sulfur were vaporized by the impact into anhydrite target rocks. A small portion of the sulfur was released as SO 3 or SO 4, which converted rapidly into H 2SO 4 aerosol and fell as acid rain. A radiative transfer model, coupled with a model of coagulation indicates that the aerosol prolonged the initial blackout period caused by impact dust only if the aerosol contained impurities. A larger portion of sulfur was released as SO 2, which converted to aerosol slowly, due to the rate-limiting oxidation of SO 2. Our radiative transfer calculations, combined with rates of acid production, coagulation, and diffusion indicate that solar transmission was reduced to 10-20% of normal for a period of 8-13 yr. This reduction produced a climate forcing (cooling) of -300 Wm -2, which far exceeded the +8 Wm -2 greenhouse warming, caused by the CO 2 released through the vaporization of carbonates, and therefore produced a decade of freezing and near-freezing temperatures. Several decades of moderate warming followed the decade of severe cooling due to the long residence time of CO 2. The prolonged impact winter may have been a major cause of the K/T extinctions.

The evolution of industrial-era warming across the continents and oceans provides a context for future climate change and is important for determining climate sensitivity and the processes that control regional warming. Here we use post-ad 1500 palaeoclimate records to show that sustained industrial-era warming of the tropical oceans first developed during the mid-nineteenth century and was nearly synchronous with Northern Hemisphere continental warming. The early onset of sustained, significant warming in palaeoclimate records and model simulations suggests that greenhouse forcing of industrial-era warming commenced as early as the mid-nineteenth century and included an enhanced equatorial ocean response mechanism. The development of Southern Hemisphere warming is delayed in reconstructions, but this apparent delay is not reproduced in climate simulations. Our findings imply that instrumental records are too short to comprehensively assess anthropogenic climate change and that, in ...

Current difficulties surrounding air conditioning systems involve an increase in input air aimed at improving indoor air quality (IAQ), the financial costs arising from energy consumption and external environmental impact, linked to the greenhouse effect (GWP) and the destruction of the ozone layer (ODP). One alternative technique which offers an adequate combination of IAQ and acceptable energy saving is the

: This report summarizes the results of a two year project led by the Naval Facilities Engineering and ExpeditionaryWarfare Center to demonstrate the potential for the patented I2 infusion system to reduce the rate of foul within Department of Defense shipboard heat exchangers. Fouling of DoD shipboard heat exchangers is a chronic and costly operating problem that requires significant maintenance. The heat transfer performance and efficiency decreases due to the fouling of the heat exchanger plates and tubes resulting in additional fuel consumption and increased greenhouse gases. Costly and labor consuming, remedial chemical cleaning protocols currently used produce considerable hazardous waste. Through the infusion of air containing elemental iodine vapor into the heat exchanger, this demonstration has shown that the formation of biological foul has been reduced and the period between physical cleanings extended while maintaining acceptable system parameters.

This is an evaluation of one study found in TheNature.com:
Cui, R.Y., Hultman, N., Cui, D. et al. A plant-by-plant strategy for high-ambition coal power phaseout in China. Nat Commun 12, 1468 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21786-0

I found in this study a few important errors that fundamentally affect its output and credibility:
“Moreover, different technology futures or electricity demand has little impact on coal generation pathways under deep decarbonization scenarios.”

I have my own model of China Power production decarbonization. I have created several scenarios that have confirmed that the only essence of the successful decarbonization of China's electricity generation is based on the total freezing of this production on 2020 figures.

Therefore, I take other studies as a challenge if they state that it is possible. Not to make fun of anyone. But because I am a scientist and I need to look for mistakes in my thinking and fix them of course. I am not a friend of any conspiracy theories. As you will see in this work, I use only publicly available data.

Let's look at those mistakes in the mentioned study.

There is also available a discussion:
https://www.academia.edu/s/319529fd47