Analele Banatului, Serie Nouă, Arheologie-Istorie, XXII, 2014, pp. 383-395, 2014
The numismatic collection of the Banat Museum in Timişoara includes two rare bronze medals dedica... more The numismatic collection of the Banat Museum in Timişoara includes two rare bronze medals dedicated to members of the well known Weifert family from Pančevo (Serbia). One is a medal dedicated to Ignaz Weifert on his 64th anniversary by his son Georg Weifert, crafted by the Austrian engraver Anton Scharff (1845-1903). The second one is dedicated to Georg Weifert on his 44th anniversary, created by the Austrian engraver Franz Xaver Pawlik (1865-1906). They were purchased in 1907 by the Banat Museum from Fejér József, antiquarian in Budapest, for the sum of 22 crowns. The medals were given inventory numbers 731 and 732 in the old register of the collections.
The medal dedicated to Ignaz Weifert (1826-1911) is made of bronze, patinated (55.5 mm; inventory no 136; Pl. I.1-2). It is generally but wrongly dated in 1870. Given the marked date (MDCCCLXX), one considers that it had been realized on the occasion of Ignaz Weifert’s 20th year of industrial activity. Actually, one thousand eight hundred seventy represents the year of establishment for the Weifert brewery in Belgrade.
There are several arguments in favor of a correct dating of the coin (i.e. 1890): the age of Ignaz Weifert, marked on the obverse of the medal (LXIV), as he fulfilled 64 in the year 1890. Secondly, the medal is mentioned among the works of the engraver Anton Scharff from 1890 (in the same year Scharff had also realized a plaque, 136 mm in diameter, with the portrait of Ignaz Weifert). More so, Felix Milleker affirmed in his study on the Weifert family that in December 1890 Georg Weifert dedicated a medal to his father Ignaz, crafted by the Austrian engraver Anton Scharff (Milleker 1925, 11).
The second medal, dedicated to Georg Weifert (1850-1937) on his 44th anniversary is made of bronze, has 52.2 mm in diameter (inventory no 84; Pl. III.1-2) and was created by Franz Xaver Pawlik in 1894. The same engraver had molded a medal dedicated to Ignaz and Georg Weifert in 1903, in two variants: 25 mm and 140 mm in diameter. We know about the existence of a 25 mm medal as part of a private collection in Timişoara.
Originally from north Austria, the Weiferts settled in Banat during the first half of the 18th century, initially in Vršac … The name Weifert is also associated with the well-known numismatic collection owned by this family, of which three members were passionate collectors: Ignaz and his sons, Hugo and Georg. The one who settle the collection (around 1878) was Hugo (1852-1885). After his early death in 1885, aged only 33, the collection passed to his father Ignaz, who continued to gather coins. In 1911, after the death of Ignaz, the numismatic collection passed to Georg Weifert. All three of them had been members of the Numismatic Society in Vienna: Hugo from 1879, Ignaz from 1885 and Georg from 1889. Although the members of Weifert family collected all kind of Greek and Roman coins, it seems that Hugo was the one passionate for medals concerning Belgrade, Ignaz paid special attention to Viminacium issued coins while Georg was interested in 4th century AD Roman coins.
The numismatic collection held antique coins: Greek, Celtic and Roman, Byzantine coins, medieval Serbian ones, taler from Central Europe, medals concerning Belgrade etc. The Republican and Imperial Roman coins dated to 1st - 5th c. AD compose the largest part of the collection, including numerous rarities. There are also Roman colonial coins issued by the cities in the Balkans, especially Viminacium and from Asia Minor. Today we hold no longer information on the finding place of these coins, except for the golden Late Roman solidi found in the spring of 1879 near Borča, that are to be considered among the most valuable pieces of the collection.
The PMS COL VIM type coins, issued between 239 and 255 AD in Viminacium (today Stari Kostolac, Serbia) are also important, although the collection ….
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NUMISMATICS
Except for the coins coming from a 1982 confiscation made in Stamora-Moraviţa customs (at the border with Yugoslavia at that time), the origins of the rest of the Late Roman coins were unknown. Starting from some older reference sources (dating from the end of the 19th century - the beginning of the 20th century) and some documents kept in the historical archive of the NMB, we managed to determine the origin of almost all the coins in question. Six coins come from the Ormós Zsigmond collection (Catalogues no. 1, 3-4, 9-10, 14), three coins were purchased during the interwar period (no. 5-6, 8), three other coins come from the confiscation in 1982 (no. 2, 7, 13), one coin (no. 11) is of unknown origin, and the origin of one coin (no. 12) cannot be established with certainty. Moreover, following the research in the museum's historical archive, we identified the discovery spot of four of the six coins that were part of Ormós Zsigmond's collection: Bela Crkva (no. 1, 14) and Denta, 1875 (no. 3-4).
Three coins are perforated: no. 2-3 and 9, which implies their reuse as jewellery (pendants), different from the original monetary goal. Item no. 4, which currently has a broken edge, might have been punctured or had a hook attached to it. These pieces can be said to originate from Barbaricum.
The publication of the 14 Late Roman gold coins is a "restitution" in many ways. First, gold coins discovered in Banat at the end of the 19th century - the beginning of the 20th century, considered lost, have "survived" so far, being in the NMB collection. Secondly, until a future permanent exhibition, publishing remains the only way in which these special pieces in the NMB collection become visible to both researchers and those interested.
MEDALS
On the 19th and 20th of February, fastuous feasts took place, Ormós being awarded numerous diplomas and gifts. The Timiş County presented him a “large” golden medal, work of the Viennese medalist Carl Radnitzky, one of the most important medalists of the age, along with an anniversary album, comprising the photos of his friends and collaborators, of which cover was also the work of Radnitzky.
The papers tells the story of Radnitzky's designing and making of the two anniversary items - the medal and the album, which began in 1882 and did not lack certain difficulties.
The anniversary medal had been stamped in gold, silver and bronze. Although two golden medals are known ...
The medal dedicated to Ignaz Weifert (1826-1911) is made of bronze, patinated (55.5 mm; inventory no 136; Pl. I.1-2). It is generally but wrongly dated in 1870. Given the marked date (MDCCCLXX), one considers that it had been realized on the occasion of Ignaz Weifert’s 20th year of industrial activity. Actually, one thousand eight hundred seventy represents the year of establishment for the Weifert brewery in Belgrade.
There are several arguments in favor of a correct dating of the coin (i.e. 1890): the age of Ignaz Weifert, marked on the obverse of the medal (LXIV), as he fulfilled 64 in the year 1890. Secondly, the medal is mentioned among the works of the engraver Anton Scharff from 1890 (in the same year Scharff had also realized a plaque, 136 mm in diameter, with the portrait of Ignaz Weifert). More so, Felix Milleker affirmed in his study on the Weifert family that in December 1890 Georg Weifert dedicated a medal to his father Ignaz, crafted by the Austrian engraver Anton Scharff (Milleker 1925, 11).
The second medal, dedicated to Georg Weifert (1850-1937) on his 44th anniversary is made of bronze, has 52.2 mm in diameter (inventory no 84; Pl. III.1-2) and was created by Franz Xaver Pawlik in 1894. The same engraver had molded a medal dedicated to Ignaz and Georg Weifert in 1903, in two variants: 25 mm and 140 mm in diameter. We know about the existence of a 25 mm medal as part of a private collection in Timişoara.
Originally from north Austria, the Weiferts settled in Banat during the first half of the 18th century, initially in Vršac … The name Weifert is also associated with the well-known numismatic collection owned by this family, of which three members were passionate collectors: Ignaz and his sons, Hugo and Georg. The one who settle the collection (around 1878) was Hugo (1852-1885). After his early death in 1885, aged only 33, the collection passed to his father Ignaz, who continued to gather coins. In 1911, after the death of Ignaz, the numismatic collection passed to Georg Weifert. All three of them had been members of the Numismatic Society in Vienna: Hugo from 1879, Ignaz from 1885 and Georg from 1889. Although the members of Weifert family collected all kind of Greek and Roman coins, it seems that Hugo was the one passionate for medals concerning Belgrade, Ignaz paid special attention to Viminacium issued coins while Georg was interested in 4th century AD Roman coins.
The numismatic collection held antique coins: Greek, Celtic and Roman, Byzantine coins, medieval Serbian ones, taler from Central Europe, medals concerning Belgrade etc. The Republican and Imperial Roman coins dated to 1st - 5th c. AD compose the largest part of the collection, including numerous rarities. There are also Roman colonial coins issued by the cities in the Balkans, especially Viminacium and from Asia Minor. Today we hold no longer information on the finding place of these coins, except for the golden Late Roman solidi found in the spring of 1879 near Borča, that are to be considered among the most valuable pieces of the collection.
The PMS COL VIM type coins, issued between 239 and 255 AD in Viminacium (today Stari Kostolac, Serbia) are also important, although the collection ….
Mircsetics was born in Timişoara, on the 4th of October 1897, in a tradesmen family. He graduated Primary School in Hungarian and Serbian languages and then he graduated the three years Middle School and a one year Trade Course in Timişoara. In 1912 he left for Berlin where he attended and graduated in May 1913 the Glass case Decorator Course called ”Das Schaufenster”. He worked as an apprentice and then as a tradesman assistant at famous colonial goods and dainties firms from Timişoara: „Iulius Galgon”, „Burghardt Zsuzsi” and „Babcsányi Ferenc”. In 1929 he opened his own business with colonial goods and dainties inside Makri House from Timişoara (Cetate/Fortress), firm that worked for almost a decade.
Complex and eccentric personality, Mircsetics remained in the memory of his contemporaries through the controversies related to his economic activity and his inter-war political activity. His socio-political activity was strongly connected to the life of the Serbian community from Timişoara, although Mircsetics barely expressed himself in Serbian language. At the beginning of the 30’s of the last century, F. B. Mircsetics was elected president of the Serbian Youth Society from Timişoara, and in the spring of 1934 was elected in the leading structures of the Regnicolar Party of the Serbian People from Romania.
F. B. Mircsetics remained popular till nowadays especially through his participation at the glass case contests and exhibitions organized in inter-war Timişoara. In September 1923, the young tradesman assistant and decorator got the First Prize and the Honor Diploma at the glass case arranging contest organized within the Sample Fair of Banat from Timişoara. Two years later, in September 1925, under the aegis of Chamber of Commerce and Industry from Timişoara, Mircsetics taught a four month course for the young glass case decorators, at which participated 30 persons. The course was completed with a glass case exhibition held at the Military Casino from Timişoara. In May 1934, on the occasion of the contests organized within ”Timişoara’s Week”, Mircsetics participated at two of the contests: the glass case and the glass case lighting contests. He got diplomas and prizes at both contests. The most important prize was the golden medal awarded at the glass case contest for the arrangement ” The picnic of the dwarfs in the forest”.
In the years that followed the Second World War, Mircsetics led a modest life, being marginalized by the communist authorities. He was not married and had no offspring. He resided with his sister in an apartment on Mărăşeşti Street in the quarter Cetate (Fortress) from Timişoara. He died in Timişoara on the 26th of December 1983, being buried in the cemetery from Lipovei Road.
He owned a workshop for prostheses in Jimbolia. There, under the guidance of a specialized doctor, a wide variety of specific articles were manually produced. This included prostheses and parts of them, support devices (for articular inflammations), orthopaedic corsets (for backbone’s affections), bandages for fractures, elastic bandages, orthopaedic shoes and others.
Peter Schwarz became known throughout entire of Banat. Until 1914 he had “branches” in Bega-Sankt Georgen (today Žitište in Serbia) and Modosch (today Jaša Tomić in Serbia). He collaborated for many years with dr. Karl Diel (1855-1930), renowned surgeon and director of the Hospital in Jimbolia.
He participated in local and regional exhibitions but also in famous international fairs. Most of the distinctions received were for orthopaedic works. He was awarded several gold and silver medals, numerous diplomas and letters of recognitions. Between 1931 and 1949 Peter Schwarz functioned as president of the Craftsmen’s Guild and president of the Craftsmen’s and Merchants’ Casino from Jimbolia. He was married to Margarethe Vaczi and had four children: Margarethe, Peter, Stefan and Mathias. He died on September 24, 1963 in Jimbolia and was interred on 26 September in the local cemetery.
The paper presents the medals and diplomas issued by Peter Schwarz, from the collections of the Banat Museum in Timişoara: the merit medal of the Industrial exhibition in Jimbolia (1908); the Grand Prix, the golden medal and diploma of the International exhibition in Paris (1910); the golden medal and diploma of the Industrial, agricultural and modern inventions exhibition in Rome (1911/1912); the golden plaque and honorary diploma of the Industrial, agricultural and domestic industries exhibition in Jimbolia (1925). Beside these are presented the honorary diploma of the Agricultural and industrial exhibition in Biled (1924); the “Obermeister” diploma of the “Eisenring” Merchants’ and Craftsmen’s Association from Timişoara (1929) and the certificate of the medal “Industrial and commercial merit”, 1st class (1935), awarded to Peter Schwarz on the anniversary of 50 years of craftsmanship.
The medals and diplomas of Peter Schwarz are proofs of a special professional career and his remarkable skills. His entire life and work in Jimbolia is worthy to be brought back to memory, alongside with other personalities of the city from the late 19th century and early 20th century.
HISTORY OF COLLECTIONS
The first Egyptian antiquities entered the Timisoara museum’s collection in 1879, donated by the Roman Catholic priest Emil Folly of Follimonov, and the last Egyptian piece was registered in 1909, donated by a student from Timisoara, Lang Lehel. The donation of 38 pieces in 1906 and 1908 by Max Herz Bey (1856-1919) are of particular note. Originally from Banat, he became the director of the Arab Museum in Cairo. Subsequently, this collection has had a troubled history throughout the twentieth century.
Except for the coins coming from a 1982 confiscation made in Stamora-Moraviţa customs (at the border with Yugoslavia at that time), the origins of the rest of the Late Roman coins were unknown. Starting from some older reference sources (dating from the end of the 19th century - the beginning of the 20th century) and some documents kept in the historical archive of the NMB, we managed to determine the origin of almost all the coins in question. Six coins come from the Ormós Zsigmond collection (Catalogues no. 1, 3-4, 9-10, 14), three coins were purchased during the interwar period (no. 5-6, 8), three other coins come from the confiscation in 1982 (no. 2, 7, 13), one coin (no. 11) is of unknown origin, and the origin of one coin (no. 12) cannot be established with certainty. Moreover, following the research in the museum's historical archive, we identified the discovery spot of four of the six coins that were part of Ormós Zsigmond's collection: Bela Crkva (no. 1, 14) and Denta, 1875 (no. 3-4).
Three coins are perforated: no. 2-3 and 9, which implies their reuse as jewellery (pendants), different from the original monetary goal. Item no. 4, which currently has a broken edge, might have been punctured or had a hook attached to it. These pieces can be said to originate from Barbaricum.
The publication of the 14 Late Roman gold coins is a "restitution" in many ways. First, gold coins discovered in Banat at the end of the 19th century - the beginning of the 20th century, considered lost, have "survived" so far, being in the NMB collection. Secondly, until a future permanent exhibition, publishing remains the only way in which these special pieces in the NMB collection become visible to both researchers and those interested.
On the 19th and 20th of February, fastuous feasts took place, Ormós being awarded numerous diplomas and gifts. The Timiş County presented him a “large” golden medal, work of the Viennese medalist Carl Radnitzky, one of the most important medalists of the age, along with an anniversary album, comprising the photos of his friends and collaborators, of which cover was also the work of Radnitzky.
The papers tells the story of Radnitzky's designing and making of the two anniversary items - the medal and the album, which began in 1882 and did not lack certain difficulties.
The anniversary medal had been stamped in gold, silver and bronze. Although two golden medals are known ...
The medal dedicated to Ignaz Weifert (1826-1911) is made of bronze, patinated (55.5 mm; inventory no 136; Pl. I.1-2). It is generally but wrongly dated in 1870. Given the marked date (MDCCCLXX), one considers that it had been realized on the occasion of Ignaz Weifert’s 20th year of industrial activity. Actually, one thousand eight hundred seventy represents the year of establishment for the Weifert brewery in Belgrade.
There are several arguments in favor of a correct dating of the coin (i.e. 1890): the age of Ignaz Weifert, marked on the obverse of the medal (LXIV), as he fulfilled 64 in the year 1890. Secondly, the medal is mentioned among the works of the engraver Anton Scharff from 1890 (in the same year Scharff had also realized a plaque, 136 mm in diameter, with the portrait of Ignaz Weifert). More so, Felix Milleker affirmed in his study on the Weifert family that in December 1890 Georg Weifert dedicated a medal to his father Ignaz, crafted by the Austrian engraver Anton Scharff (Milleker 1925, 11).
The second medal, dedicated to Georg Weifert (1850-1937) on his 44th anniversary is made of bronze, has 52.2 mm in diameter (inventory no 84; Pl. III.1-2) and was created by Franz Xaver Pawlik in 1894. The same engraver had molded a medal dedicated to Ignaz and Georg Weifert in 1903, in two variants: 25 mm and 140 mm in diameter. We know about the existence of a 25 mm medal as part of a private collection in Timişoara.
Originally from north Austria, the Weiferts settled in Banat during the first half of the 18th century, initially in Vršac … The name Weifert is also associated with the well-known numismatic collection owned by this family, of which three members were passionate collectors: Ignaz and his sons, Hugo and Georg. The one who settle the collection (around 1878) was Hugo (1852-1885). After his early death in 1885, aged only 33, the collection passed to his father Ignaz, who continued to gather coins. In 1911, after the death of Ignaz, the numismatic collection passed to Georg Weifert. All three of them had been members of the Numismatic Society in Vienna: Hugo from 1879, Ignaz from 1885 and Georg from 1889. Although the members of Weifert family collected all kind of Greek and Roman coins, it seems that Hugo was the one passionate for medals concerning Belgrade, Ignaz paid special attention to Viminacium issued coins while Georg was interested in 4th century AD Roman coins.
The numismatic collection held antique coins: Greek, Celtic and Roman, Byzantine coins, medieval Serbian ones, taler from Central Europe, medals concerning Belgrade etc. The Republican and Imperial Roman coins dated to 1st - 5th c. AD compose the largest part of the collection, including numerous rarities. There are also Roman colonial coins issued by the cities in the Balkans, especially Viminacium and from Asia Minor. Today we hold no longer information on the finding place of these coins, except for the golden Late Roman solidi found in the spring of 1879 near Borča, that are to be considered among the most valuable pieces of the collection.
The PMS COL VIM type coins, issued between 239 and 255 AD in Viminacium (today Stari Kostolac, Serbia) are also important, although the collection ….
Mircsetics was born in Timişoara, on the 4th of October 1897, in a tradesmen family. He graduated Primary School in Hungarian and Serbian languages and then he graduated the three years Middle School and a one year Trade Course in Timişoara. In 1912 he left for Berlin where he attended and graduated in May 1913 the Glass case Decorator Course called ”Das Schaufenster”. He worked as an apprentice and then as a tradesman assistant at famous colonial goods and dainties firms from Timişoara: „Iulius Galgon”, „Burghardt Zsuzsi” and „Babcsányi Ferenc”. In 1929 he opened his own business with colonial goods and dainties inside Makri House from Timişoara (Cetate/Fortress), firm that worked for almost a decade.
Complex and eccentric personality, Mircsetics remained in the memory of his contemporaries through the controversies related to his economic activity and his inter-war political activity. His socio-political activity was strongly connected to the life of the Serbian community from Timişoara, although Mircsetics barely expressed himself in Serbian language. At the beginning of the 30’s of the last century, F. B. Mircsetics was elected president of the Serbian Youth Society from Timişoara, and in the spring of 1934 was elected in the leading structures of the Regnicolar Party of the Serbian People from Romania.
F. B. Mircsetics remained popular till nowadays especially through his participation at the glass case contests and exhibitions organized in inter-war Timişoara. In September 1923, the young tradesman assistant and decorator got the First Prize and the Honor Diploma at the glass case arranging contest organized within the Sample Fair of Banat from Timişoara. Two years later, in September 1925, under the aegis of Chamber of Commerce and Industry from Timişoara, Mircsetics taught a four month course for the young glass case decorators, at which participated 30 persons. The course was completed with a glass case exhibition held at the Military Casino from Timişoara. In May 1934, on the occasion of the contests organized within ”Timişoara’s Week”, Mircsetics participated at two of the contests: the glass case and the glass case lighting contests. He got diplomas and prizes at both contests. The most important prize was the golden medal awarded at the glass case contest for the arrangement ” The picnic of the dwarfs in the forest”.
In the years that followed the Second World War, Mircsetics led a modest life, being marginalized by the communist authorities. He was not married and had no offspring. He resided with his sister in an apartment on Mărăşeşti Street in the quarter Cetate (Fortress) from Timişoara. He died in Timişoara on the 26th of December 1983, being buried in the cemetery from Lipovei Road.
He owned a workshop for prostheses in Jimbolia. There, under the guidance of a specialized doctor, a wide variety of specific articles were manually produced. This included prostheses and parts of them, support devices (for articular inflammations), orthopaedic corsets (for backbone’s affections), bandages for fractures, elastic bandages, orthopaedic shoes and others.
Peter Schwarz became known throughout entire of Banat. Until 1914 he had “branches” in Bega-Sankt Georgen (today Žitište in Serbia) and Modosch (today Jaša Tomić in Serbia). He collaborated for many years with dr. Karl Diel (1855-1930), renowned surgeon and director of the Hospital in Jimbolia.
He participated in local and regional exhibitions but also in famous international fairs. Most of the distinctions received were for orthopaedic works. He was awarded several gold and silver medals, numerous diplomas and letters of recognitions. Between 1931 and 1949 Peter Schwarz functioned as president of the Craftsmen’s Guild and president of the Craftsmen’s and Merchants’ Casino from Jimbolia. He was married to Margarethe Vaczi and had four children: Margarethe, Peter, Stefan and Mathias. He died on September 24, 1963 in Jimbolia and was interred on 26 September in the local cemetery.
The paper presents the medals and diplomas issued by Peter Schwarz, from the collections of the Banat Museum in Timişoara: the merit medal of the Industrial exhibition in Jimbolia (1908); the Grand Prix, the golden medal and diploma of the International exhibition in Paris (1910); the golden medal and diploma of the Industrial, agricultural and modern inventions exhibition in Rome (1911/1912); the golden plaque and honorary diploma of the Industrial, agricultural and domestic industries exhibition in Jimbolia (1925). Beside these are presented the honorary diploma of the Agricultural and industrial exhibition in Biled (1924); the “Obermeister” diploma of the “Eisenring” Merchants’ and Craftsmen’s Association from Timişoara (1929) and the certificate of the medal “Industrial and commercial merit”, 1st class (1935), awarded to Peter Schwarz on the anniversary of 50 years of craftsmanship.
The medals and diplomas of Peter Schwarz are proofs of a special professional career and his remarkable skills. His entire life and work in Jimbolia is worthy to be brought back to memory, alongside with other personalities of the city from the late 19th century and early 20th century.
The first Egyptian antiquities entered the Timisoara museum’s collection in 1879, donated by the Roman Catholic priest Emil Folly of Follimonov, and the last Egyptian piece was registered in 1909, donated by a student from Timisoara, Lang Lehel. The donation of 38 pieces in 1906 and 1908 by Max Herz Bey (1856-1919) are of particular note. Originally from Banat, he became the director of the Arab Museum in Cairo. Subsequently, this collection has had a troubled history throughout the twentieth century.
The published Egyptian antiquities entered the Timişoara museum's collection between 1879-1909 through donations and rarely through acquisitions. The donation of 38 pieces in 1906 and 1908 by Max Herz Bey (1856-1919) are of particular note. Originally from Banat, he became the director of the Arab Museum in Cairo. Subsequently, this collection has had a troubled history throughout the twentieth century.
Table of Contents
1. Institutions and individuals—the numismatic world in the long 19th century: An introduction. 2. The coin collector Baron von Schellersheim (1752–1836). 3. Collectors and their coins—the sale of coins and medals at public auctions: The role that the Messrs. Christie played in the numismatic world in the early part of the ‘long 19th century’ (1766–1831). 4. Giacomo Verità, collector of coins and gems. 5. Domenico Promis (1804–1874), the Turin Royal Coin Cabinet and the birth of archaeological numismatics in Piedmont. 6. General Charles Richard Fox (1796–1873), coin collector. 7. From private collection to public museum—Nicola Bottacin (1805–1875), his numismatic collection and the birth of the Museo Bottacin of Padua (1865). 8. Western collectors of East Asian coins in the 19th century. 9. Chen Jieqi (1813–1884), a coin collector in 19th-century China. 10. A Collector at the periphery of the Austro-Hungarian Empire: Ormós Zsigmond (1813–1894). 11. Jan Pieter Six, a numismatist revisited. 12. Franciszek Piekosiński (1844–1906), his collection of ancient coins, the National Museum and 19th-century Krakow. 13. Greek and Swiss coins: Friedrich Imhoof-Blumer’s networks in two scientific communities. 14. The Spöttl collection in the Vienna Museum. 15. August Numismatist—Grand Duke George Mikhailovich of Russia (1863—1919): Fate and legacy. 16. Collector and dealer at the end of the long 19th century: Calouste Gulbenkian and Jacob Hirsch.