The mummified remains of Takabuti were intact from the day she was embalmed until 1835 when she w... more The mummified remains of Takabuti were intact from the day she was embalmed until 1835 when she was ‘unrolled’. Therefore her body and hair were protected from the elements by layers of bandages and resin for c. 2,500 years. The hair is described in the ...
ABSTRACT Adsorbent-trapped volcanic gases, sublimates and condensates from active vents of the La... more ABSTRACT Adsorbent-trapped volcanic gases, sublimates and condensates from active vents of the La Fossa crater on the island of Vulcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy) as well as ambient and industrial air were quantitatively analyzed by Short-Path Thermal Desorption–Solid Phase Microextraction–Cryotrapping–Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (SPTD–SPME–CF–GC–MS). Among the over 200 detected and quantified compounds are alkanes, alkenes, arenes, phenols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, esters, ketones, nitriles, PAHs and their halogenated, methylated and sulfonated derivatives, as well as various heterocyclic compounds including thiophenes and furans. Most compounds are found at concentrations well above laboratory, ambient air, adsorbent and field blank levels. For some analytes (e.g., CFC-11, CH2Cl2, CH3Br), concentrations are up to several orders of magnitude greater than even mid-latitudinal industrial urban air maxima. Air or laboratory contamination is negligible or absent on the basis of noble gas measurements and their isotopic ratios.The organic compounds are interpreted as the product of abiogenic gas-phase radical reactions. On the basis of isomer abundances, n-alkane distributions and substitution patterns the compounds are thought to have formed by high-temperature (e.g., 900 °C) alkyl free radical reactions and halide electrophilic substitution on arenes, alkanes and alkenes. The apparent abiogenic organic chemistry of volcanic gases may give insights into metal transport processes during the formation and alteration of hydrothermal ore deposits, into the natural volcanic source strength of ozone-depleting atmospheric trace gases (i.e., halocarbons), into possibly sensitive trace gas redox pairs as potential early indicators of subsurface changes on volcanoes in the state of imminent unrest, and into the possible hydrothermal origin of early life on Earth, as indicated by the presence of simple amino acids, nitriles, and alkanoic acids.
The well-established interest in organic compounds in volcanic emissions, emerging in the early 1... more The well-established interest in organic compounds in volcanic emissions, emerging in the early 1800’s and continuing through modern times, has led to a long history of method development for the analysis of trace organics in volcanic gases. Both the sampling and analysis techniques have often been hampered by strong matrix effects, such as interferences by aerosol and ash scattering in spectroscopy, or the adverse impact of sulfur, acids and water on chromatographic and wet chemical techniques.
FMF4 : TUam08 : F4 Organic Compounds in Volcanic Gases EUGXI.A4.2018 Florian M. Schwandner (flori... more FMF4 : TUam08 : F4 Organic Compounds in Volcanic Gases EUGXI.A4.2018 Florian M. Schwandner (florimax@erdw.ethz.ch), Andrew P. Gize (andy_gize@email.msn.com), Terry M. Seward (tseward@erdw.ethz.ch), Keith Hall (keith@hallanalytical.co.uk) & Volker J. Dietrich (wumme@erdw.ethz.ch) 1 ETH Zürich, IMP, Sonneggstr. 5, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland 2 Dept. of Earth Sciences, Univ. of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK 3 Hall Analytical Ltd., Milbrook Business Centre, Floats Road, Manchester M23 9YJ, UK
Bitumen seepages from a trachyte flow on the Suswa volcano (East African Rift) are anomalously en... more Bitumen seepages from a trachyte flow on the Suswa volcano (East African Rift) are anomalously enriched in O and N heteroatomic organic compounds and depleted in aliphatics. Compositional and geologic data suggest that the biogenically derived bitumens were extracted and/or transported by liquid or supercritical CO2, rather than H2O, possibly from caldera-lake sediments. Compositionally atypical hydrocarbons and reduced carbon associated
The mummified remains of Takabuti were intact from the day she was embalmed until 1835 when she w... more The mummified remains of Takabuti were intact from the day she was embalmed until 1835 when she was ‘unrolled’. Therefore her body and hair were protected from the elements by layers of bandages and resin for c. 2,500 years. The hair is described in the ...
ABSTRACT Adsorbent-trapped volcanic gases, sublimates and condensates from active vents of the La... more ABSTRACT Adsorbent-trapped volcanic gases, sublimates and condensates from active vents of the La Fossa crater on the island of Vulcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy) as well as ambient and industrial air were quantitatively analyzed by Short-Path Thermal Desorption–Solid Phase Microextraction–Cryotrapping–Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (SPTD–SPME–CF–GC–MS). Among the over 200 detected and quantified compounds are alkanes, alkenes, arenes, phenols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, esters, ketones, nitriles, PAHs and their halogenated, methylated and sulfonated derivatives, as well as various heterocyclic compounds including thiophenes and furans. Most compounds are found at concentrations well above laboratory, ambient air, adsorbent and field blank levels. For some analytes (e.g., CFC-11, CH2Cl2, CH3Br), concentrations are up to several orders of magnitude greater than even mid-latitudinal industrial urban air maxima. Air or laboratory contamination is negligible or absent on the basis of noble gas measurements and their isotopic ratios.The organic compounds are interpreted as the product of abiogenic gas-phase radical reactions. On the basis of isomer abundances, n-alkane distributions and substitution patterns the compounds are thought to have formed by high-temperature (e.g., 900 °C) alkyl free radical reactions and halide electrophilic substitution on arenes, alkanes and alkenes. The apparent abiogenic organic chemistry of volcanic gases may give insights into metal transport processes during the formation and alteration of hydrothermal ore deposits, into the natural volcanic source strength of ozone-depleting atmospheric trace gases (i.e., halocarbons), into possibly sensitive trace gas redox pairs as potential early indicators of subsurface changes on volcanoes in the state of imminent unrest, and into the possible hydrothermal origin of early life on Earth, as indicated by the presence of simple amino acids, nitriles, and alkanoic acids.
The well-established interest in organic compounds in volcanic emissions, emerging in the early 1... more The well-established interest in organic compounds in volcanic emissions, emerging in the early 1800’s and continuing through modern times, has led to a long history of method development for the analysis of trace organics in volcanic gases. Both the sampling and analysis techniques have often been hampered by strong matrix effects, such as interferences by aerosol and ash scattering in spectroscopy, or the adverse impact of sulfur, acids and water on chromatographic and wet chemical techniques.
FMF4 : TUam08 : F4 Organic Compounds in Volcanic Gases EUGXI.A4.2018 Florian M. Schwandner (flori... more FMF4 : TUam08 : F4 Organic Compounds in Volcanic Gases EUGXI.A4.2018 Florian M. Schwandner (florimax@erdw.ethz.ch), Andrew P. Gize (andy_gize@email.msn.com), Terry M. Seward (tseward@erdw.ethz.ch), Keith Hall (keith@hallanalytical.co.uk) & Volker J. Dietrich (wumme@erdw.ethz.ch) 1 ETH Zürich, IMP, Sonneggstr. 5, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland 2 Dept. of Earth Sciences, Univ. of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK 3 Hall Analytical Ltd., Milbrook Business Centre, Floats Road, Manchester M23 9YJ, UK
Bitumen seepages from a trachyte flow on the Suswa volcano (East African Rift) are anomalously en... more Bitumen seepages from a trachyte flow on the Suswa volcano (East African Rift) are anomalously enriched in O and N heteroatomic organic compounds and depleted in aliphatics. Compositional and geologic data suggest that the biogenically derived bitumens were extracted and/or transported by liquid or supercritical CO2, rather than H2O, possibly from caldera-lake sediments. Compositionally atypical hydrocarbons and reduced carbon associated
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