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Author Title Date Language
Jewish scripture Torah 13th-4th century BCE Hebrew
Chinese classic text I Ching late 9th century BCE Classical Chinese
Homer Iliad and Odyssey 8th-early 7th century BCE Ancient Greek
Hindu scripture Upanishads 7th-5th century BCE Sanskrit
Lao Tsu Tao Te Ching 3rd century BCE Classical Chinese
Zoroastrian scripture Avesta 3rd century BCE--3rd century AD Avestan
Confucius Analects 5th-4th century BCE Classical Chinese
Thucydides History of the Peloponnesian War 5th century BCE Ancient Greek
Hippocrates Works 400 BCE Ancient Greek
Aristotle Works 4th century BCE Ancient Greek
Herodotus Histories 4th century BCE Ancient Greek
Plato The Republic 380 BCE Ancient Greek
Euclid Elements 280 BCE Ancient Greek
Theravada Buddhist scripture Dhammapada (Path of the Dharma) 252 BCE
Virgil Aeneid 19 BCE Latin
Lucretius On the Nature of Reality 55 BCE Latin
Philo of Alexandria Allegorical Expositions of the Holy Law 1st century AD Koine Greek
Christian scripture New Testament ca. 50-100 AD Koine Greek
Plutarch Parallel Lives 120 AD Koine Greek
Cornelius Tacitus Annals, From the Death of the Divine Augustus 120 AD Latin
Valentinus Gospel of Truth (Gnostic text) 2nd century AD
Marcus Aurelius Meditations 167 AD Koine Greek
Sextus Empiricus Outlines of Pyrrhonism 150-210 AD Koine Greek
Plotinus Enneads 3rd century AD Koine Greek
Augustine of Hippo Confessions 400 AD Latin
Muslim scripture Quran 7th century AD Arabic
Moses Maimonides Guide for the Perplexed 1190 Arabic
Text of Judaic mysticism Kabbalah 12th century Hebrew
Thomas Aquinas Summa Theologiae 1266-1273 Latin
Dante Alighieri The Divine Comedy 1321 Italian
Desiderius Erasmus In Praise of Folly 1509 Latin
Niccolo Machiavelli The Prince 1532 Italian
Martin Luther On the Babylonian Captivity of the Church 1520 Latin
Francois Rabelais Gargantua and Pantagruel 1534 & 1532 French
John Calvin Institutes of the Christian Religion 1536 Latin
Nicolaus Copernicus On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres 1543 Latin
Michael Eyquem de Montaigne Essays 1580 French
Miguel de Cervantes Don Quixote 1605 & 1615 Spanish
Johannes Kepler Harmony of the Worlds 1619 Latin
Francis Bacon Novum Organum 1620 Latin
William Shakespeare First Folio 1623 English
Galileo Galilei Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems 1632 Italian
Rene Descartes Discourse on Method 1637 French
Thomas Hobbes Leviathan 1651 English
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Works 1663-1716 Latin/French
Blaise Pascal Pensées 1670 French
Baruch de Spinoza Ethics 1677 Latin
John Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress 1678-1684 English
Isaac Newton Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy 1687 Latin
John Locke Essay Concerning Human Understanding 1689 English
George Berkeley Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge 1710, revised 1734 English
Giambattista Vico The New Science 1725, revised 1744 Italian
David Hume A Treatise of Human Nature 1739-1740 English
Denis Diderot (ed.) Encyclopédie 1751-1772 French
Samuel Johnson A Dictionary of the English Language 1755 English
Francois-Marie de Voltaire Candide 1759 French
Thomas Paine Common Sense 1776 English
Adam Smith The Wealth of Nations 1776 English
Edward Gibbon The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire 1776-1787 English
Immanuel Kant Critique of Pure Reason 1781, revised 1787 German
Jean-Jacques Rousseau Confessions 1781 French
Edmund Burke Reflections on the Revolution in France 1790 English
Mary Wollstonecraft Vindication of the Rights of Woman 1792 English
William Godwin An Enquiry Concerning Political Justice 1793 English
Thomas Robert Malthus An Essay on the Principle of Population 1798, revised 1803 English
George Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel Phenomenology of Spirit 1807 German
Arthur Schopenhauer The World as Will and Idea 1819 German
Auguste Comte Course in the Positivist Philosophy 1830-1842 French
Carl von Clausewitz On War 1832 German
Soren Kierkegaard Either/Or 1843 Danish
Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels Communist Manifesto 1848 German
Henry David Thoreau Civil Disobedience 1849 English
Charles Darwin The Origin of Species 1859 English
John Stuart Mill On Liberty 1859 English
Herbert Spencer First Principles 1862 English
Gregor Mendel Experiments on Plant Hybridization 1866 German
Leo Tolstoy War and Peace 1868-1869 Russian
James Clerk Maxwell Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism 1873 English
Friedrich Nietzsche Thus Spake Zarathustra 1883-1885 German
Sigmund Freud The Interpretation of Dreams 1900 German
William James Pragmatism 1908 English
Albert Einstein Relativity 1916
Vilfredo Pareto The Mind and Society 1916 Italian
Carl Gustav Jung Psychological Types 1921 German
Martin Buber I and Thou 1923 German
Franz Kafka The Trial 1925 German
Karl Popper The Logic of Scientific Discovery 1934 German
John Maynard Keynes General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money 1936 English
Jean-Paul Sartre Being and Nothingness 1943 French
Friedrich von Hayek The Road to Serfdom 1944 English
Simone de Beauvoir The Second Sex 1948 French
Norbert Wiener Cybernetics 1948, revised 1961 English
George Orwell Nineteen Eighty-Four 1949 English
George Ivanovitch Gurdjieff Beelzebub's Tales to His Grandson 1950
Ludwig Wittgenstein Philosophical Investigations 1953 German
Noam Chomsky Syntactic Structures 1957 English
Thomas Kuhn The Structure of Scientific Revolutions 1962, revised 1970 English
Betty Friedan The Feminine Mystique 1963 English
Mao Zedong Quotations From Chairman Mao Tse-tung (Little Red Book) 1966 Chinese
B. F. Skinner Beyond Freedom and Dignity 1971 English

References

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  • Seymour-Smith, Martin (1998). "The 100 Most Influential Books Ever Written: The History of Thought from Ancient Times to Today", Citadel Press, Secaucus, NJ.

See also

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