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Can exposure to the sun or other specific types of light help those dealing with chronic psoriasis? We took a look at the science behind phototherapy, also known as light therapy, to see how the weather could come into play.
Recognizing Psoriasis
Psoriasis occurs when a person's immune system becomes overactive, leading to the rapid multiplication of their skin cells. This results in scaly, inflamed patches of skin, most likely on the scalp, elbows and knees. While there is currently no cure for psoriasis, there are several known treatments, each with varying degrees of success.
What Is Phototherapy?
This treatment involves regularly exposing the skin to ultraviolet (UV) light under medical supervision. Phototherapy can be performed in a healthcare provider’s office, a clinic, or even at home with a doctor-recommended phototherapy unit. Regardless of the location or type of therapy, health care experts agree: Consistency is the most important factor for achieving the best results.
UVA Phototherapy
Ultraviolet A (UVA) light is less effective for psoriasis on its own but becomes more potent when combined with psoralens, which are light-sensitizing medicines that make the skin more responsive to UVA exposure. This combination helps to slow down the excessive growth of skin cells, providing some relief from psoriasis symptoms.
UVB Phototherapy
Ultraviolet B (UVB) light is particularly effective for treating psoriasis, although it doesn't penetrate the skin as deeply as UVA light. UVB light therapy can be used to target single patches or widespread areas, often combined with topical treatments. While some forms of light therapy can risk severe burns, most side effects are milder and short-term
Natural Sunlight
Sunlight contains both UVA and UVB rays, but isn't as controlled or effective as prescription phototherapy administered by a healthcare provider. A few days of increased sunlight likely would provide only temporary relief from psoriasis symptoms, experts say. Additionally, certain psoriasis topicals can increase the risk of sunburn, and individuals undergoing light therapies are often encouraged to limit their sun exposure.
What About Tanning Beds?
Some people turn to tanning salons as an alternative to natural sunlight, but this practice isn’t recommended. Tanning beds primarily emit UVA light, which is less beneficial for psoriasis and carries significant risks. The American Academy of Dermatology, the FDA, and the CDC all discourage the use of tanning beds due to the potential for skin damage, premature aging and an increased risk of skin cancer.
The Pros And Cons
All in all, phototherapy offers a powerful treatment option for managing psoriasis, but it requires careful supervision and consistent application to achieve the desired results. By understanding the different types of phototherapy and their associated risks, patients can work with their healthcare providers to find the most effective and safe treatment plan.
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