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Review
. 2017 Feb;22(2):163-174.
doi: 10.1016/j.tplants.2016.12.001. Epub 2017 Jan 5.

Nitrate Reductase Regulates Plant Nitric Oxide Homeostasis

Alejandro Chamizo-Ampudia  1 , Emanuel Sanz-Luque  2 , Angel Llamas  1 , Aurora Galvan  1 , Emilio Fernandez  3
Affiliations
Review

Nitrate Reductase Regulates Plant Nitric Oxide Homeostasis

Alejandro Chamizo-Ampudia et al. Trends Plant Sci. 2017 Feb.

Abstract

Nitrate reductase (NR) is a key enzyme for nitrogen acquisition by plants, algae, yeasts, and fungi. Nitrate, its main substrate, is required for signaling and is widely distributed in diverse tissues in plants. In addition, NR has been proposed as an important enzymatic source of nitric oxide (NO). Recently, NR has been shown to play a role in NO homeostasis by supplying electrons from NAD(P)H through its diaphorase/dehydrogenase domain both to a truncated hemoglobin THB1, which scavenges NO by its dioxygenase activity, and to the molybdoenzyme NO-forming nitrite reductase (NOFNiR) that is responsible for NO synthesis from nitrite. We review how NR may play a central role in plant biology by controlling the amounts of NO, a key signaling molecule in plant cells.

Keywords: Chlamydomonas; molybdoenzymes; nitrate; nitric oxide; nitrite; nutrient assimilation; signaling; truncated hemoglobins.

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