Small bone defects can heal spontaneously through the bone modeling process due to their physiolo... more Small bone defects can heal spontaneously through the bone modeling process due to their physiological environmental conditions. The bone modeling cycle preserves the reliability of the skeleton through the well-adjusted activities of its fundamental cell. Stem cells are a source of pluripotent cells with a capacity to differentiate into any tissue in the existence of a suitable medium. The concept of bone engineering is based on stem cells that can differentiate into bone cells. Mesenchymal stromal cells have been evaluated in bone tissue engineering due to their capacity to differentiate in osteoblasts. They can be isolated from bone marrow and from several adults oral and dental tissues such as permanent or deciduous teeth dental pulp, periodontal ligament, apical dental papilla, dental follicle precursor cells usually isolated from the follicle surrounding the third molar, gingival tissue, periosteum-derived cells, dental alveolar socket, and maxillary sinus Schneiderian membrane-derived cells. Therefore, a suitable animal model is a crucial step, as preclinical trials, to study the outcomes of mesenchymal cells on the healing of bone defects. We will discuss, through this paper, the use of mesenchymal stem cells obtained from several oral tissues mixed with different types of scaffolds tested in different animal models for bone tissue engineering. We will explore and link the comparisons between human and animal models and emphasized the factors that we need to take into consideration when choosing animals. The pig is considered as the animal of choice when testing large size and multiple defects for bone tissue engineering.
Among developmental odontogenic cysts, the dentigerous type is the second most prevailing one. It... more Among developmental odontogenic cysts, the dentigerous type is the second most prevailing one. It is a benign intraosseous lesion commonly affecting the mandibular region. Dentigerous cysts present a high prevalence in children as they can be caused by the eruption of permanent teeth or the infection of deciduous ones. The adopted treatment modalities include enucleation (cystectomy), marsupialization, and decompression. Decompression maintains communication between the cyst and the oral medium through a sutured fixed device, namely an acrylic stent or a pretrimmed disposable suction tube. In the mixed dentition, the extraction of the affected primary teeth and the decompression approach is recommended, especially since children and parents are more tolerant of conservative treatments. We report in this study, a case of a 9-year-old boy complaining of a painful swelling in the left mandibular region. Intraoral and radiological examination revealed an expansion of the buccal and ling...
Benign mesenchymal odontogenic tumors are lesions derived from the mesenchymal components of the ... more Benign mesenchymal odontogenic tumors are lesions derived from the mesenchymal components of the tooth-forming apparatus and are consequently found within the jawbone. Benign fibro-osseous tumors are part of this category of lesions in which normal bone is substituted, initially by fibrous tissue and within time become infiltrated by osteoid and cementoid elements. They are asymptomatic, slow-growing lesions and remain undiagnosed until swelling of the face becomes prominent and they share similar radiological characteristics. Herein, we report three cases of ossifying fibroma, cemento-osseous fibroma and periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia and analyze all the correlating factors, clinical history, radiological and histological features, intraoperative appearance, and treatment with a 3-year follow-up period. Despite the advances in the identification of these pathologies, clinicians still face difficulties in their classification and the diagnosis due to overlap in both histological and radiographic findings. An accurate final diagnosis is essential for appropriate treatment and an informative prognosis.
Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduct... more Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Purpose. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of chemical and physical properties of two graft materials on the rate of resorption. Materials and Methods. Direct sinus graft procedure was performed on 22 patients intended for implant placement. Two types of graft materials were used (Bio-Oss and Cerabone) and after 8 months healing time the implants were inserted. Radiographic assessment was performed over the period of four years. Particle size, rate of calcium release, and size and type of crystal structure of each graft were evaluated. Results. The average particle size of Bio-Oss (1mm) was much smaller compared to Cerabone (2.7mm). The amount of calcium release due to dissolution of material in water was much higher for Bio-oss compared to Cerabone. X-ray image analysis revealed that Bio-Oss demonstrat...
Mesenchymal stem cells, being characterized by high self-renewal capacity and multi-lineage diffe... more Mesenchymal stem cells, being characterized by high self-renewal capacity and multi-lineage differentiation potential, are widely used in regenerative medicine especially for repair of bone defects in patients with poor bone regenerative capacity. In this study, we aimed to compare the osteogenic potential of human maxillary schneiderian sinus membrane (hMSSM)-derived stem cells versus permanent teeth dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). Both cells types were cultivated in osteogenic and non-osteogenic inductive media. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay and quantitative real-time PCR analysis were carried out to assess osteogenic differentiation. We showed that ALP activity and osteoblastic markers transcription levels were more striking in hMSSM-derived stem cells than DPSCs. Our results highlight hMSSM-derived stem cells as a recommended stem cell type for usage during bone tissue regenerative therapy.
Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Dec 20, 2017
BackgroundDifferences in CBCT units and the lack of standardization result in exposure to radiati... more BackgroundDifferences in CBCT units and the lack of standardization result in exposure to radiation doses beyond what is required for diagnostic purposes, especially when planning the surgical placement of dental implants.AimTo assess the influence of low- and high-dose milliamperage settings on CBCT images for objective and subjective implant planning among senior specialists (5 years of experience) and juniors (fresh graduates).Materials and MethodsTwo dry skulls (4 hemi-maxillary segments of the maxilla and 4 hemi-maxillary segments of the mandible) were scanned under low (2 mA) and high (6.3 mA) dosage settings using the Carestream CS 9300 machine. Cross-sectional slices of both image qualities were evaluated by the 5 seniors and the 5 juniors for subjective image utility for implant planning and for objective linear bone measurements.ResultsThere were no significant differences in bone measurements taken on high- or low-dose images by all seniors and by the majority of juniors (p > 0.05). In qualitative image assessments, there was independence between assessment and image quality for almost all observers. For planning posterior mandibular implant placement, increased dosage improved concordance and kappa values between low- and high-dose images for senior observers (from K = 0.287 at low dose to K = 0.718 at high does) but not for juniors (K = 0.661 and K = 0.509 for low and high dose, respectively).ConclusionReduction in milliamperage did not affect diagnostic image quality for objective bone measurements and produced sufficient concordance for qualitative assessment. Judicious optimization of milliamperage settings based on individual diagnostic requirements can result in significant dose reduction without compromising diagnostic decision-making.
Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research, 2021
Aims: The principal goal of the following case report is to shed light on the importance of thoro... more Aims: The principal goal of the following case report is to shed light on the importance of thorough clinical, radiological and histological examinations in order to exhibit a final diagnosis of solitary bone cyst, as well as the importance of the surgical treatment for a better outcome. Presentation of case: A case of solitary cyst was identified accidentally in the mandibular right premolars’ region of an asymptomatic 14-year-old male patient post orthodontic consultation. Panoramic radiograph revealed a well-circumscribed, unilocular, radiolucent area giving a typical scalloped appearance between the roots of the involved teeth, that is, 43–44 (Federation Dentaire Internationale). The lesion was asymptomatic and no cervical lymphadenopathy was detected. Discussion: Solitary bone cysts are infrequent mandibular cavities lacking epithelial coating and that are most commonly found in the posterior region of the lower jaw. They exhibit multiple names such as traumatic bone cyst, hem...
This book is a special publication on an unusual and rare topic that is not often addressed in me... more This book is a special publication on an unusual and rare topic that is not often addressed in medical and dental literature; it provides medical and dental professionals, as well as undergraduate and post-graduate students and all healthcare professionals, with a comprehensive review of unusual and rare infections and inflammations of the cranium, sinuses, face, oral cavity, and neck. It tackles diagnostic modalities, differential diagnosis, current treatment protocols, and possible complications of these rare diseases.
Small bone defects can heal spontaneously through the bone modeling process due to their physiolo... more Small bone defects can heal spontaneously through the bone modeling process due to their physiological environmental conditions. The bone modeling cycle preserves the reliability of the skeleton through the well-adjusted activities of its fundamental cell. Stem cells are a source of pluripotent cells with a capacity to differentiate into any tissue in the existence of a suitable medium. The concept of bone engineering is based on stem cells that can differentiate into bone cells. Mesenchymal stromal cells have been evaluated in bone tissue engineering due to their capacity to differentiate in osteoblasts. They can be isolated from bone marrow and from several adults oral and dental tissues such as permanent or deciduous teeth dental pulp, periodontal ligament, apical dental papilla, dental follicle precursor cells usually isolated from the follicle surrounding the third molar, gingival tissue, periosteum-derived cells, dental alveolar socket, and maxillary sinus Schneiderian membrane-derived cells. Therefore, a suitable animal model is a crucial step, as preclinical trials, to study the outcomes of mesenchymal cells on the healing of bone defects. We will discuss, through this paper, the use of mesenchymal stem cells obtained from several oral tissues mixed with different types of scaffolds tested in different animal models for bone tissue engineering. We will explore and link the comparisons between human and animal models and emphasized the factors that we need to take into consideration when choosing animals. The pig is considered as the animal of choice when testing large size and multiple defects for bone tissue engineering.
Among developmental odontogenic cysts, the dentigerous type is the second most prevailing one. It... more Among developmental odontogenic cysts, the dentigerous type is the second most prevailing one. It is a benign intraosseous lesion commonly affecting the mandibular region. Dentigerous cysts present a high prevalence in children as they can be caused by the eruption of permanent teeth or the infection of deciduous ones. The adopted treatment modalities include enucleation (cystectomy), marsupialization, and decompression. Decompression maintains communication between the cyst and the oral medium through a sutured fixed device, namely an acrylic stent or a pretrimmed disposable suction tube. In the mixed dentition, the extraction of the affected primary teeth and the decompression approach is recommended, especially since children and parents are more tolerant of conservative treatments. We report in this study, a case of a 9-year-old boy complaining of a painful swelling in the left mandibular region. Intraoral and radiological examination revealed an expansion of the buccal and ling...
Benign mesenchymal odontogenic tumors are lesions derived from the mesenchymal components of the ... more Benign mesenchymal odontogenic tumors are lesions derived from the mesenchymal components of the tooth-forming apparatus and are consequently found within the jawbone. Benign fibro-osseous tumors are part of this category of lesions in which normal bone is substituted, initially by fibrous tissue and within time become infiltrated by osteoid and cementoid elements. They are asymptomatic, slow-growing lesions and remain undiagnosed until swelling of the face becomes prominent and they share similar radiological characteristics. Herein, we report three cases of ossifying fibroma, cemento-osseous fibroma and periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia and analyze all the correlating factors, clinical history, radiological and histological features, intraoperative appearance, and treatment with a 3-year follow-up period. Despite the advances in the identification of these pathologies, clinicians still face difficulties in their classification and the diagnosis due to overlap in both histological and radiographic findings. An accurate final diagnosis is essential for appropriate treatment and an informative prognosis.
Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduct... more Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Purpose. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of chemical and physical properties of two graft materials on the rate of resorption. Materials and Methods. Direct sinus graft procedure was performed on 22 patients intended for implant placement. Two types of graft materials were used (Bio-Oss and Cerabone) and after 8 months healing time the implants were inserted. Radiographic assessment was performed over the period of four years. Particle size, rate of calcium release, and size and type of crystal structure of each graft were evaluated. Results. The average particle size of Bio-Oss (1mm) was much smaller compared to Cerabone (2.7mm). The amount of calcium release due to dissolution of material in water was much higher for Bio-oss compared to Cerabone. X-ray image analysis revealed that Bio-Oss demonstrat...
Mesenchymal stem cells, being characterized by high self-renewal capacity and multi-lineage diffe... more Mesenchymal stem cells, being characterized by high self-renewal capacity and multi-lineage differentiation potential, are widely used in regenerative medicine especially for repair of bone defects in patients with poor bone regenerative capacity. In this study, we aimed to compare the osteogenic potential of human maxillary schneiderian sinus membrane (hMSSM)-derived stem cells versus permanent teeth dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). Both cells types were cultivated in osteogenic and non-osteogenic inductive media. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay and quantitative real-time PCR analysis were carried out to assess osteogenic differentiation. We showed that ALP activity and osteoblastic markers transcription levels were more striking in hMSSM-derived stem cells than DPSCs. Our results highlight hMSSM-derived stem cells as a recommended stem cell type for usage during bone tissue regenerative therapy.
Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Dec 20, 2017
BackgroundDifferences in CBCT units and the lack of standardization result in exposure to radiati... more BackgroundDifferences in CBCT units and the lack of standardization result in exposure to radiation doses beyond what is required for diagnostic purposes, especially when planning the surgical placement of dental implants.AimTo assess the influence of low- and high-dose milliamperage settings on CBCT images for objective and subjective implant planning among senior specialists (5 years of experience) and juniors (fresh graduates).Materials and MethodsTwo dry skulls (4 hemi-maxillary segments of the maxilla and 4 hemi-maxillary segments of the mandible) were scanned under low (2 mA) and high (6.3 mA) dosage settings using the Carestream CS 9300 machine. Cross-sectional slices of both image qualities were evaluated by the 5 seniors and the 5 juniors for subjective image utility for implant planning and for objective linear bone measurements.ResultsThere were no significant differences in bone measurements taken on high- or low-dose images by all seniors and by the majority of juniors (p > 0.05). In qualitative image assessments, there was independence between assessment and image quality for almost all observers. For planning posterior mandibular implant placement, increased dosage improved concordance and kappa values between low- and high-dose images for senior observers (from K = 0.287 at low dose to K = 0.718 at high does) but not for juniors (K = 0.661 and K = 0.509 for low and high dose, respectively).ConclusionReduction in milliamperage did not affect diagnostic image quality for objective bone measurements and produced sufficient concordance for qualitative assessment. Judicious optimization of milliamperage settings based on individual diagnostic requirements can result in significant dose reduction without compromising diagnostic decision-making.
Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research, 2021
Aims: The principal goal of the following case report is to shed light on the importance of thoro... more Aims: The principal goal of the following case report is to shed light on the importance of thorough clinical, radiological and histological examinations in order to exhibit a final diagnosis of solitary bone cyst, as well as the importance of the surgical treatment for a better outcome. Presentation of case: A case of solitary cyst was identified accidentally in the mandibular right premolars’ region of an asymptomatic 14-year-old male patient post orthodontic consultation. Panoramic radiograph revealed a well-circumscribed, unilocular, radiolucent area giving a typical scalloped appearance between the roots of the involved teeth, that is, 43–44 (Federation Dentaire Internationale). The lesion was asymptomatic and no cervical lymphadenopathy was detected. Discussion: Solitary bone cysts are infrequent mandibular cavities lacking epithelial coating and that are most commonly found in the posterior region of the lower jaw. They exhibit multiple names such as traumatic bone cyst, hem...
This book is a special publication on an unusual and rare topic that is not often addressed in me... more This book is a special publication on an unusual and rare topic that is not often addressed in medical and dental literature; it provides medical and dental professionals, as well as undergraduate and post-graduate students and all healthcare professionals, with a comprehensive review of unusual and rare infections and inflammations of the cranium, sinuses, face, oral cavity, and neck. It tackles diagnostic modalities, differential diagnosis, current treatment protocols, and possible complications of these rare diseases.
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