Climate change means any distinct change in patterns expected for climate which occurs in a long ... more Climate change means any distinct change in patterns expected for climate which occurs in a long term and a particular region or the entire global climate. Increasing greenhouse gases in the atmosphere will keep the sun warm and increase the Earth's temperature. Therefore, recognizing greenhouse gas sources plays an important role in controlling adverse climate change conditions. Aquatic environments are important sources of greenhouse gas emissions, such as carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide. The global warming increases the emission of methane gas from sea bottom to the atmosphere. Another event in aquatic environments related to climate change, is the attaching/adhering of biofouling species on the body of boats and ships which is followed by the high frictional resistance, due to generated roughness, which leads to an increase of weight and subsequent potential speed reduction and it may also entail a need for heavier and less energetically efficient machinery. The in...
Waxy and high‐amylose wheats are genetically modified cultivars produced firstly in Japan. The ph... more Waxy and high‐amylose wheats are genetically modified cultivars produced firstly in Japan. The physicochemical properties of waxy and high‐amylose wheat starches were investigated and compared to those of normal bread‐wheat starch. The waxy wheat starch (˜ 1% of amylose) showed higher gelatinization temperature, transition enthalpy and crystallinity of granules than the normal and high‐amylose wheat starches. The paste of waxy wheat starch had higher peak viscosity and swelling power, lower pasting temperature and final viscosity, which are favorable for producing Japanese white‐salted noodles (Udon) of high‐quality. In contrast, the high‐amylose wheat starch had higher amylose content (37.5%), blue value and wavelength of maximal iodine absorption but lower gelatinization temperature and crystallinity than the normal wheat starch. The paste of high‐amylose wheat starch had lower peak viscosity, breakdown and final viscosity than that of the normal wheat starch. These properties of ...
In two recent decades the amount of different stressor factors included chemical and biological p... more In two recent decades the amount of different stressor factors included chemical and biological pollutions has been increased in the Caspian Sea. These events affected on biotic and abiotic factors of the environment. The present study is to investigate the effects of the stress on changes of phytoplankton structural pattern in 2008, 2009 and 2010 years compare to the stability phase of ecosystem in 1996. Sampling was carried out in eight transects perpendicular to the coast (Astara, Anzali, Sepidroud, Tonekabon, Noshahr, Babolsar, Amirabad and Bandar Turkmen) in four seasons (spring, summer, autumn and winter) in each year of the study. 1920 samples were collected from the different layers at depths of 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 meters. Based on the results, 299 phytoplankton species identified that classified in 8 phyla: Bacillariophyta, Pyrrophyta, Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Euglenophyta, Xantophyta, Chrysophyta and Haptophyta. The number of species in each phylum was 127, 37, 47, 63, 1...
Concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Ni and Pb) were determined in soft and hard tissues (three se... more Concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Ni and Pb) were determined in soft and hard tissues (three separated shell sections) of gastropod Bufonaria echinata as well as surficial sediments collected in October 2015 from two sampling sites located in the sub-littoral zone of Qeshm Island, Persian Gulf. There were significant differences between the sampling sites for concentrations of all the three elements in the shells and sediments. But in terms of the soft tissues, in the case of Ni and Pb significant differences between the sites could be observed. In all the cases, higher levels were observed in the samples from Suza site, which may be mainly due to the proximity of this site to the relevant anthropogenic sources. Comparison of the gained data from this study with the other relevant researches shows that in most cases the levels of the elements in the soft tissues and shells either fell within the range for other world areas or were lower. The observed increasing trends of metals ac...
The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of different anesthetic drug combinations ... more The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of different anesthetic drug combinations on the Caspian Pond turtles (Mauremys caspica). Three groups of the Caspian Pond turtles (n = 6) were anesthetized with three different drug combinations. Initially, a pilot study was conducted to determine the best drug doses for the anesthetization of the turtles, and according to these results, ketamine-diazepam (120 mg/kg ketamine hydrochloride [5%] and 2 mg/kg diazepam [5%]), ketamine-acepromazine (120 mg/kg ketamine hydrochloride [5%] and 1 mg/kg acepromazine [1%]), and ketamine-xylazine (120 mg/kg ketamine hydrochloride [5%] and 1 mg/kg xylazine [2%]) were injected intramuscularly. The onset times of anesthetization and the recovery time were measured. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using one-way analysis of variance followed by t-tests, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. There were statistically significant differences in the mean of the ons...
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2015
Concentrations of cadmium, lead, and mercury were measured in different tissues (liver, muscle, a... more Concentrations of cadmium, lead, and mercury were measured in different tissues (liver, muscle, and shell) of 60 Caspian Pond Turtles collected from Tajan and Shiroud Rivers, southern basin of the Caspian Sea. Based on the results, different tissues showed different capacities for accumulating trace elements. The general trend of metals accumulation was: liver &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; shell &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; muscle. Results also showed that accumulation of these elements was not significantly different between sex and river in turtles (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; 0.05). Based on the results, Hg and Pb concentrations recorded in the present study were higher than some of the maximum concentration permissible. To our knowledge, this is the first report into heavy metal accumulation in tissues and organs of Caspian Pond Turtle from the southern basin of Caspian Sea. Further studies are needed to measure different heavy metals and trace metals in this valuable species.
Climate change means any distinct change in patterns expected for climate which occurs in a long ... more Climate change means any distinct change in patterns expected for climate which occurs in a long term and a particular region or the entire global climate. Increasing greenhouse gases in the atmosphere will keep the sun warm and increase the Earth's temperature. Therefore, recognizing greenhouse gas sources plays an important role in controlling adverse climate change conditions. Aquatic environments are important sources of greenhouse gas emissions, such as carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide. The global warming increases the emission of methane gas from sea bottom to the atmosphere. Another event in aquatic environments related to climate change, is the attaching/adhering of biofouling species on the body of boats and ships which is followed by the high frictional resistance, due to generated roughness, which leads to an increase of weight and subsequent potential speed reduction and it may also entail a need for heavier and less energetically efficient machinery. The in...
Waxy and high‐amylose wheats are genetically modified cultivars produced firstly in Japan. The ph... more Waxy and high‐amylose wheats are genetically modified cultivars produced firstly in Japan. The physicochemical properties of waxy and high‐amylose wheat starches were investigated and compared to those of normal bread‐wheat starch. The waxy wheat starch (˜ 1% of amylose) showed higher gelatinization temperature, transition enthalpy and crystallinity of granules than the normal and high‐amylose wheat starches. The paste of waxy wheat starch had higher peak viscosity and swelling power, lower pasting temperature and final viscosity, which are favorable for producing Japanese white‐salted noodles (Udon) of high‐quality. In contrast, the high‐amylose wheat starch had higher amylose content (37.5%), blue value and wavelength of maximal iodine absorption but lower gelatinization temperature and crystallinity than the normal wheat starch. The paste of high‐amylose wheat starch had lower peak viscosity, breakdown and final viscosity than that of the normal wheat starch. These properties of ...
In two recent decades the amount of different stressor factors included chemical and biological p... more In two recent decades the amount of different stressor factors included chemical and biological pollutions has been increased in the Caspian Sea. These events affected on biotic and abiotic factors of the environment. The present study is to investigate the effects of the stress on changes of phytoplankton structural pattern in 2008, 2009 and 2010 years compare to the stability phase of ecosystem in 1996. Sampling was carried out in eight transects perpendicular to the coast (Astara, Anzali, Sepidroud, Tonekabon, Noshahr, Babolsar, Amirabad and Bandar Turkmen) in four seasons (spring, summer, autumn and winter) in each year of the study. 1920 samples were collected from the different layers at depths of 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 meters. Based on the results, 299 phytoplankton species identified that classified in 8 phyla: Bacillariophyta, Pyrrophyta, Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Euglenophyta, Xantophyta, Chrysophyta and Haptophyta. The number of species in each phylum was 127, 37, 47, 63, 1...
Concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Ni and Pb) were determined in soft and hard tissues (three se... more Concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Ni and Pb) were determined in soft and hard tissues (three separated shell sections) of gastropod Bufonaria echinata as well as surficial sediments collected in October 2015 from two sampling sites located in the sub-littoral zone of Qeshm Island, Persian Gulf. There were significant differences between the sampling sites for concentrations of all the three elements in the shells and sediments. But in terms of the soft tissues, in the case of Ni and Pb significant differences between the sites could be observed. In all the cases, higher levels were observed in the samples from Suza site, which may be mainly due to the proximity of this site to the relevant anthropogenic sources. Comparison of the gained data from this study with the other relevant researches shows that in most cases the levels of the elements in the soft tissues and shells either fell within the range for other world areas or were lower. The observed increasing trends of metals ac...
The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of different anesthetic drug combinations ... more The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of different anesthetic drug combinations on the Caspian Pond turtles (Mauremys caspica). Three groups of the Caspian Pond turtles (n = 6) were anesthetized with three different drug combinations. Initially, a pilot study was conducted to determine the best drug doses for the anesthetization of the turtles, and according to these results, ketamine-diazepam (120 mg/kg ketamine hydrochloride [5%] and 2 mg/kg diazepam [5%]), ketamine-acepromazine (120 mg/kg ketamine hydrochloride [5%] and 1 mg/kg acepromazine [1%]), and ketamine-xylazine (120 mg/kg ketamine hydrochloride [5%] and 1 mg/kg xylazine [2%]) were injected intramuscularly. The onset times of anesthetization and the recovery time were measured. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using one-way analysis of variance followed by t-tests, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. There were statistically significant differences in the mean of the ons...
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2015
Concentrations of cadmium, lead, and mercury were measured in different tissues (liver, muscle, a... more Concentrations of cadmium, lead, and mercury were measured in different tissues (liver, muscle, and shell) of 60 Caspian Pond Turtles collected from Tajan and Shiroud Rivers, southern basin of the Caspian Sea. Based on the results, different tissues showed different capacities for accumulating trace elements. The general trend of metals accumulation was: liver &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; shell &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; muscle. Results also showed that accumulation of these elements was not significantly different between sex and river in turtles (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; 0.05). Based on the results, Hg and Pb concentrations recorded in the present study were higher than some of the maximum concentration permissible. To our knowledge, this is the first report into heavy metal accumulation in tissues and organs of Caspian Pond Turtle from the southern basin of Caspian Sea. Further studies are needed to measure different heavy metals and trace metals in this valuable species.
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