2024 Japanese general election
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All 465 seats in the House of Representatives 233 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 House of Representatives districts after 2022 redistricting | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Early general elections are scheduled to be held in Japan on 27 October 2024,[1] due to the incoming finalization of a request of early dissolution of the House of Representatives by incoming prime minister Shigeru Ishiba. Voting will take place in all Representatives constituencies including proportional blocks, to appoint Members of Diet to seats in the House of Representatives, the lower house of the National Diet of Japan. As the cabinet has to resign after a general House of Representatives election in the first post-election Diet session (Constitution, Article 70), the lower house election will also lead to a new election of the Prime Minister in the Diet, and the appointment of a new cabinet (even if the same ministers are re-appointed).
Background
[edit]On 30 September 2024, Shigeru Ishiba, who became the President of the Liberal Democratic Party on 27 September, officially announced that he would call an early election to be held on 27 October, a year ahead of the expiration of the current term, to seek confidence from the people. After his inauguration on 1 October, the House of Representatives is scheduled to be dissolved on 9 October, with the election being announced on the 15th, and voting to take place on the 27th. It is the second consecutive time the new prime minister has dissolved the House almost immediately after taking office since 2021.
The election is held after the replacement of major party leaders. The Liberal Democratic Party elected former Minister of Defense Shigeru Ishiba on 27 September to replace outgoing Prime Minister Fumio Kishida, the Constitutional Democratic Party elected former Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda as their leader on 23 September, Nobuyuki Baba took leadership of Nippon Ishin no Kai on 30 November 2021, Keiichi Ishii was elected leader of Komeito on 28 September and Tomoko Tamura became leader of the Japanese Communist Party on 18 January 2024.
The regular election to the House of Councillors, the other house of the national legislature which cannot be dissolved and is thus on fixed terms, will take place in 2025; but, also on 27 October, a by-election to the House of Councillors will be held in Iwate. On the prefectural level, the gubernatorial elections in Toyama and Okayama have already been set for 27 October.
Political parties
[edit]| Parties | Leader | Ideology | Seats | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Last election | Before election | |||||
| Liberal Democratic Party | Shigeru Ishiba | Conservatism Japanese nationalism |
259 / 465
|
258 / 465
|
Governing coalition | |
| Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan | Yoshihiko Noda | Liberalism | 96 / 465 [a]
|
99 / 465
|
Opposition | |
| Nippon Ishin no Kai | Nobuyuki Baba | Right-wing populism Economic liberalism |
41 / 465
|
41 / 465
| ||
| Komeito | Keiichi Ishii | Buddhist democracy | 32 / 465
|
32 / 465
|
Governing coalition | |
| Japanese Communist Party | Tomoko Tamura | Communism | 10 / 465
|
10 / 465
|
Opposition | |
| Democratic Party For the People | Yuichiro Tamaki | Conservatism | 11 / 465
|
7 / 465
| ||
| Free Education For All | Seiji Maehara | Free education | New | 4 / 465
| ||
| Reiwa Shinsengumi | Tarō Yamamoto | Progressivism Left-wing populism |
3 / 465
|
3 / 465
| ||
| Social Democratic Party | Mizuho Fukushima | Social democracy | 1 / 465
|
1 / 465
| ||
Reapportionment
[edit]The electoral districts will be readjusted according to the results of the 2020 Japan census. Originally, it was intended to be readjusted for the last election, but it was held in the existing constituencies not long after the census results came out.[2][3]
Newly created seats
[edit]Ten new districts and three new block seats will be created.
- Tokyo-26th
- Tokyo-27th
- Tokyo-28th
- Tokyo-29th
- Tokyo-30th
- Kanagawa-19th
- Kanagawa-20th
- Saitama-16th
- Aichi-16th
- Chiba-14th
- 18th Tokyo block seat
- 19th Tokyo block seat
- 23rd Minami-Kanto block seat
Seats to be eliminated
[edit]Ten districts and three block seats will be eliminated.
- Hiroshima-7th
- Miyagi-6th
- Niigata-6th
- Fukushima-5th
- Okayama-5th
- Shiga-4th
- Yamaguchi-4th
- Ehime-4th
- Nagasaki-4th
- Wakayama-3rd
- 13th Tohoku block seat
- 11th Hokurikushinetsu block seat
- 11th Chugoku block seat
Opinion polls
[edit]
Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "自民･石破総裁 あす衆院解散の意向を表明へ 総選挙１０月１５日公示、２７日投開票で最終調整｜FNNプライムオンライン". FNNプライムオンライン. 2024-09-29. Retrieved 2024-09-29.
- ^ "小選挙区「10増10減」へ 国勢調査受け、次々回から" [Single-seat constituencies to increase by 10, decrease by 10]. The Asahi Shimbun (in Japanese). 25 June 2021. Retrieved 21 November 2021.
- ^ "衆院小選挙区「１０増１０減」 アダムズ方式で格差是正―政府、来年にも法案提出" [House of Representatives single-seat constituency "10 increase, 10 decrease" Adams method to correct disparities-government to submit bill next year]. Jiji Press (in Japanese). 25 June 2021. Retrieved 21 November 2021.
