Baicalin: Difference between revisions

{{cs1 config|name-list-style=vanc}}

| Verifiedfields = changed

| Watchedfields = changed

| verifiedrevid = 459514199

| IUPACName = 5,6--4--2--7-yl-- acid

| = --[5,6-Dihydroxy-4--2-phenyl-4''H''-1-benzopyran-7--- acid

| OtherNames = [[Baicalein]] 7-''O''-[[glucuronide]]; 5,6-Dihydroxy-4-oxygen-2-phenyl-4''H''-1-benzopyran-7-β-<small>D</small>-glucopyranose acid

|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers

| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|changed|??}}

| CASNo = 21967-41-9

| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}

| EC_number = 606-866-1

| KEGG = C10025

| Beilstein = 70480

| 3DMet =

| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}

| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}

| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}

| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}

| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}

|Section2={{Chembox Properties

| = 202

|Section3={{Chembox Hazards

| GHSPictograms = {{GHS07}}

| GHSSignalWord = Warning

| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|315|319|335}}

| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|261|264|271|280|302+352|304+340|305+351+338|312|321|332+313|337+313|362|403+233|405|501}}

| = }}

As '''baicalin''' is a [[flavone]] [[glycoside]], it is a [[flavonoid]]. It is the [[glucuronide]] of [[baicalein]].

== Natural occurrences ==

Baicalin is found in several species in the genus ''Scutellaria'', including ''[[Scutellaria baicalensis]]'',<ref name="su20">{{cite journal |doi=10.1038/s41401-020-0483-6|title=Anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities in vitro of Shuanghuanglian preparations and bioactive ingredients|year=2020|last1=Su|first1=Hai-xia|last2=Yao|first2=Sheng|last3=Zhao|first3=Wen-Feng|last4=Li|first4=Min-jun|last5=Liu|first5=Jia|last6=Shang|first6=Wei-Juan|last7=Xie|first7=Hang|last8=Ke|first8=Chang-Qiang|last9=Hu|first9=Hang-Chen|last10=Gao|first10=Mei-na|last11=Yu|first11=Kun-Qian|last12=Liu|first12=Hong|last13=Shen|first13=Jing-Shan |last14=Tang|first14=Wei |last15=Zhang|first15=Lei-ke |last16=Xiao|first16=Geng-fu |last17=Ni|first17=Li |last18=Wang|first18=Dao-wen |last19=Zuo|first19=Jian-Ping |last20=Jiang|first20=Hua-Liang |last21=Bai|first21=Fang| last22=Wu|first22=Yan |last23=Ye|first23=Yang |last24=Xu|first24=Ye-Chun|journal=Acta Pharmacologica Sinica|volume=41|issue=9|pages=1167–1177|pmid=32737471|pmc=7393338}}</ref> and ''[[Scutellaria lateriflora]]''. There are 10&nbsp;mg/g baicalin in ''[[Scutellaria galericulata]]'' leaves.<ref name="HHB">P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979</ref> It is also present in the [[bark isolate]] of the ''[[Oroxylum indicum]]'' tree.

== Medical uses ==

Baicalin is one of the chemical ingredients of at least two herbal supplements: [[Shuanghuanglian]]<ref name=su20/> and [[Sho-Saiko-To]], which is a [[Chinese classic herbal formula]], and listed in Japan as [[Kampo list|Kampo medicine]].{{cn|date=February 2021}}

Baicalin, along with its [[aglycone]] baicalein, is a [[positive allosteric modulator]] of the [[benzodiazepine site]] and/or a non-benzodiazepine site of the [[GABAA receptor|GABA_A receptor]].<ref name="pmid12561253">{{cite journal | vauthors = Wang H, Hui KM, Xu S, Chen Y, Wong JT, Xue H | title = Two flavones from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and their binding affinities to the benzodiazepine site of the GABAA receptor complex | journal = Pharmazie | volume = 57 | issue = 12 | pages = 857–8 | year = 2002 | pmid = 12561253 }}</ref><ref name="pmid10705749">{{cite journal | vauthors = Hui KM, Wang XH, Xue H | title = Interaction of flavones from the roots of Scutellaria baicalensis with the benzodiazepine site | journal = Planta Med. | volume = 66 | issue = 1 | pages = 91–3 | year = 2000 | pmid = 10705749 | doi = 10.1055/s-0029-1243121 | s2cid = 260249283 | url = http://www.thieme-connect.com/DOI/DOI?10.1055/s-0029-1243121}}</ref><ref name="CooperYamaguchi2004">{{cite book|author1=Edwin Lowell Cooper|author2=Nobuo Yamaguchi|title=Complementary and Alternative Approaches to Biomedicine|url=https://archive.org/details/springer_10.1007-978-1-4757-4820-8|date=1 January 2004|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-0-306-48288-5|pages=[https://archive.org/details/springer_10.1007-978-1-4757-4820-8/page/n201 188]–}}</ref> In mice, baicalin produces [[anxiolytic]] effects without [[sedative]] or [[myorelaxant]] effects.<ref name="pmid16491459">{{cite journal | vauthors = Xu Z, Wang F, Tsang SY, Ho KH, Zheng H, Yuen CT, Chow CY, Xue H | title = Anxiolytic-Like Effect of baicalin and its additivity with other anxiolytics | journal = Planta Med. | volume = 72 | issue = 2 | pages = 189–92 | year = 2006 | pmid = 16491459 | doi = 10.1055/s-2005-873193 | s2cid = 2398014 | url = http://www.thieme-connect.com/DOI/DOI?10.1055/s-2005-873193}}</ref><ref name="pmid12620506">{{cite journal | vauthors = Liao JF, Hung WY, Chen CF | title = Anxiolytic-like effects of baicalein and baicalin in the Vogel conflict test in mice | journal = Eur. J. Pharmacol. | volume = 464 | issue = 2–3 | pages = 141–6 | year = 2003 | pmid = 12620506 | doi = 10.1016/s0014-2999(03)01422-5}}</ref> It is thought that baicalin, along with other flavonoids, may underlie the anxiolytic effects of ''S. baicalensis'' and ''S. lateriflora''.<ref name="pmid14692724">{{cite journal | vauthors = Awad R, Arnason JT, Trudeau V, Bergeron C, Budzinski JW, Foster BC, Merali Z | title = Phytochemical and biological analysis of skullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora L.): a medicinal plant with anxiolytic properties | journal = Phytomedicine | volume = 10 | issue = 8 | pages = 640–9 | year = 2003 | pmid = 14692724 | doi = 10.1078/0944-7113-00374 }}</ref><ref name="Schwartz2008">{{cite book|author=Stefanie Schwartz|title=Psychoactive Herbs in Veterinary Behavior Medicine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZP6QVep-x24C&pg=PA139|date=9 January 2008|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-470-34434-7|pages=139–}}</ref>

Baicalin is a known [[prolyl endopeptidase]] inhibitor<ref>Tarragó T Kichik N Claasen B Prades R Teixidó M Giralt E Baicalin, a prodrug able to reach the CNS, is a prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitor 15. </ref> [[ ]].

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{{Flavones}}

{{GABAAR PAMs}}

[[Category:Anxiolytics]]

[[Category:]]

[[Category:]]

[[Category:GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators]]