trong
Norwegian Nynorsk
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editNoun
edittrong m (definite singular trongen, uncountable)
- need
- Me har trong for fleire folk.
- We have a need for more people.
Synonyms
editEtymology 2
editAdjective
edittrong (neuter trongt, definite singular and plural tronge, comparative trongare, indefinite superlative trongast, definite superlative trongaste)
Etymology 3
editVerb
edittrong
References
edit- “trong” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Vietnamese
editPronunciation
edit- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [t͡ɕawŋ͡m˧˧]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [ʈawŋ͡m˧˧] ~ [ʈɔŋ˧˧]
- (Saigon) IPA(key): [ʈawŋ͡m˧˧]
- (Vinh) IPA(key): [ʈɔŋ˧˥]
Audio (Hà Nội): (file)
Etymology 1
editFrom Middle Vietnamese tlao᷄, from Proto-Vietic *k-lɔːŋ (“clear; limpid”).
Adjective
edit- (of liquid) clear and thus presumably clean
- Antonym: đục
- Nước trong mà ! Uống chắc không sao đâu !
- The water looks pretty clean! Probably wouldn't hurt to drink a bit!
- (of a material) translucent or transparent
- Synonym: trong suốt
Derived terms
editEtymology 2
editFrom Middle Vietnamese tlao᷄, from Proto-Vietic *k-lɔːŋ (“inside”), from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kluuŋ ~ *[k]luəŋ (“middle; insides”). Cognates include Muong tlong, Chut [Rục] klɔːŋ¹, Pacoh callúng, Semnam kluoːŋ, Bulo Stieng kluŋ, and Khmer ក្នុង (knong). See also lòng. Proto-Tai *klaːŋᴬ (whence Thai กลาง (glaang)) and Proto-Mienic *ɢljaŋᴬ (whence Iu Mien jaangh) might just be look-alikes.
Attested in Phật thuyết đại báo phụ mẫu ân trọng kinh (佛說大報父母恩重經) as 工 (MC kuwng) (modern SV: công) and 共 (MC gjowngH) (modern SV: cộng).
Unrelated to Chinese 中 (OC *truŋ) (B-S), which is read trung in modern Vietnamese and spelled tru᷄ in the Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum.
Preposition
edit- in; inside; within (an interior or enclosed space)
- trong nhà/phòng ― in(side) the house/room
- trong tim/lòng/bụng ― in one's heart (literally, “inside the heart/entrails/stomach”)
- within (an amount of time)
- Synonym: trong vòng
- trong (vòng) 4 tiếng ― within four hours
- in/among (a group)
- Synonym: trong số
- trong đám đông ― in/among the crowd
- in (a place in southern Vietnam)
- trong nam ― someplace in southern Vietnam; "the south"
Antonyms
editGraphical notes
edit- In certain modern romanization of Nôm texts where this morpheme was written with 工 (MC kuwng), 共 (MC gjowngH), and 宮 (MC kjuwng), it is sometimes transcribed as ⟨cong⟩ or ⟨cung⟩. This is due to the misinterpretation of the nature of the graphemes: the phonological (and likely also phonetic) value of the morpheme that these graphemes represented at the time when they were first used was probably *klɔŋA1 (or something similar) and was the ancestor of modern trong, with the medial liquid maintained until at least the end of the Middle Vietnamese period. For a similar case, compare modern trả, giả (“to pay back, to return”) < *ɓlaːC1, used to be spelled with 把 (MC paeX) in numerous Nôm texts. The *cong and *cung romanizations are thus nothing more than ghosts, and ought to be transcripted instead as ⟨trong⟩ (if scriptor only tries to write the modern reflex) or reconstructed *klɔŋA1 (for historical value).
See also
edit- Derived terms
- Norwegian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Old Norse
- Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas
- Norwegian Nynorsk nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk uncountable nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk masculine nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms with usage examples
- Norwegian Nynorsk adjectives
- Norwegian Nynorsk non-lemma forms
- Norwegian Nynorsk verb forms
- Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Vietnamese terms with audio links
- Vietnamese terms inherited from Middle Vietnamese
- Vietnamese terms derived from Middle Vietnamese
- Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Vietic
- Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Vietic
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese adjectives
- Vietnamese terms with usage examples
- Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Mon-Khmer
- Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Mon-Khmer
- Vietnamese prepositions