Wikipedia

Spaniards: Difference between revisions

Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
→‎Historical origins and genetics: Simplified. In addition, Ceuta, Melilla and the Canary Islands are (by far) the areas of the country with the most Admixture from North Africa and the Middle East as indicated by the sources themselves. Spain is not only Europe (most Iberia), it also have part of N.Africa.
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit
Line 216:
 
The Spanish people's genetic pool largely derives from the pre-Roman inhabitants of the Iberian Peninsula, including [[pre-Celtic|pre-Celts]] ([[Iberians]], [[Vettones]], [[Turdetani]], [[Aquitani]])<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20091030032902/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761568486/Iberians.html</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Álvarez-Sanchís |first1=Jesús |title=Oppida and Celtic society in western Spain |journal=E-Keltoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies |date=28 February 2005 |volume=6 |issue=1 |url=https://dc.uwm.edu/ekeltoi/vol6/iss1/5/ }}</ref><ref name="web.archive.org">https://web.archive.org/web/20040611215344/http://www.arqueotavira.com/Mapas/Iberia/Populi.htm</ref> and [[Celts]] ([[Gallaecians]], [[Celtiberians]], [[Turduli]] and [[Celtici]]),<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Spain/History | title=Spain - History}}</ref><ref name="web.archive.org"/> who were [[Romanization (cultural)|Romanized]] after the conquest of the region by the [[ancient Romans]].<ref name="Bycroft2019">{{cite journal |last1=Bycroft |first1=Clare |last2=Fernandez-Rozadilla |first2=Ceres |last3=Ruiz-Ponte |first3=Clara |last4=Quintela |first4=Inés |last5=Carracedo |first5=Ángel |last6=Donnelly |first6=Peter |last7=Myers |first7=Simon |title=Patterns of genetic differentiation and the footprints of historical migrations in the Iberian Peninsula |journal=Nature Communications |date=1 February 2019 |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=551 |doi=10.1038/s41467-018-08272-w |pmid=30710075
|pmc=6358624 |bibcode=2019NatCo..10..551B }}</ref><ref name=pmid30872528/> A minor component of the genetic pool can be traced back to [[Germanic peoples|Germanic]] tribes who arrived after the Roman period as ruling elites, including the [[Suebi]], [[Vandals]] and the [[Visigoths]], who ruled for circa three hundred years.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsEurope/BarbarianSuevi.htm | title=Kingdoms of the Germanic Tribes - Suevi (Suebi)}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |first1=José |last1=Galazak |title=A diarquia sueva: sociedade e poder no regnum dos Quados ocidentais e no Regnum Suevorum (358–585 d.C.) |trans-title=The Swiss Diarchy: Society and Power in the Regnum of the Western Quados and in the Regnum Suevorum (AD 358–585) |language=Portuguese |journal=Revista Portuguesa de Arqueologia |volume=16 |year=2013 |pages=323–350 |url=http://www.patrimoniocultural.gov.pt/static/data/publicacoes/rpa/rpa16/18_323-350.pdf }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | url=https://www.academia.edu/37321555 |title = IN TEMPORE SUEBORUM. The time of the Suevi in Gallaecia (411-585 AD). Exhibition Catalogue (English)|journal = Jorge López Quiroga-Artemio M. Martínez Tejera (Coord.): In Tempore Sueborum. The Time of the Sueves in Gallaecia (411-585 Ad). The First Medieval Kingdom of the West, Ourense|last1 = Quiroga|first1 = Jorge López}}</ref><ref>"Spain: Visigothic Spain to c. 500". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2015. Retrieved 1 January 2015.▼
https://books.openedition.org/cvz/2148?lang=en</ref> Phoenician, Punic, [[Sephardi Jews|Jewish]] and [[Arab-Berber]] also left genetic contributions, particularly in the south of the country.{{sfn|Jónsson|2007|p=195}}<ref name=pmid30872528>{{cite journal |last1=Olalde |first1=Iñigo |last2=Mallick |first2=Swapan |last3=Patterson |first3=Nick |last4=Rohland |first4=Nadin |last5=Villalba-Mouco |first5=Vanessa |last6=Silva |first6=Marina |last7=Dulias |first7=Katharina |last8=Edwards |first8=Ceiridwen J. |last9=Gandini |first9=Francesca |last10=Pala |first10=Maria |last11=Soares |first11=Pedro |last12=Ferrando-Bernal |first12=Manuel |last13=Adamski |first13=Nicole |last14=Broomandkhoshbacht |first14=Nasreen |last15=Cheronet |first15=Olivia |last16=Culleton |first16=Brendan J. |last17=Fernandes |first17=Daniel |last18=Lawson |first18=Ann Marie |last19=Mah |first19=Matthew |last20=Oppenheimer |first20=Jonas |last21=Stewardson |first21=Kristin |last22=Zhang |first22=Zhao |last23=Arenas |first23=Juan Manuel Jiménez |last24=Moyano |first24=Isidro Jorge Toro |last25=Salazar-García |first25=Domingo C. |last26=Castanyer |first26=Pere |last27=Santos |first27=Marta |last28=Tremoleda |first28=Joaquim |last29=Lozano |first29=Marina |last30=Borja |first30=Pablo García |last31=Fernández-Eraso |first31=Javier |last32=Mujika-Alustiza |first32=José Antonio |last33=Barroso |first33=Cecilio |last34=Bermúdez |first34=Francisco J. |last35=Mínguez |first35=Enrique Viguera |last36=Burch |first36=Josep |last37=Coromina |first37=Neus |last38=Vivó |first38=David |last39=Cebrià |first39=Artur |last40=Fullola |first40=Josep Maria |last41=García-Puchol |first41=Oreto |last42=Morales |first42=Juan Ignacio |last43=Oms |first43=F. Xavier |last44=Majó |first44=Tona |last45=Vergès |first45=Josep Maria |last46=Díaz-Carvajal |first46=Antònia |last47=Ollich-Castanyer |first47=Imma |last48=López-Cachero |first48=F. Javier |last49=Silva |first49=Ana Maria |last50=Alonso-Fernández |first50=Carmen |last51=de Castro |first51=Germán Delibes |last52=Echevarría |first52=Javier Jiménez |last53=Moreno-Márquez |first53=Adolfo |last54=Berlanga |first54=Guillermo Pascual |last55=Ramos-García |first55=Pablo |last56=Muñoz |first56=José Ramos |last57=Vila |first57=Eduardo Vijande |last58=Arzo |first58=Gustau Aguilella |last59=Arroyo |first59=Ángel Esparza |last60=Lillios |first60=Katina T. |last61=Mack |first61=Jennifer |last62=Velasco-Vázquez |first62=Javier |last63=Waterman |first63=Anna |last64=de Lugo Enrich |first64=Luis Benítez |last65=Sánchez |first65=María Benito |last66=Agustí |first66=Bibiana |last67=Codina |first67=Ferran |last68=de Prado |first68=Gabriel |last69=Estalrrich |first69=Almudena |last70=Flores |first70=Álvaro Fernández |last71=Finlayson |first71=Clive |last72=Finlayson |first72=Geraldine |last73=Finlayson |first73=Stewart |last74=Giles-Guzmán |first74=Francisco |last75=Rosas |first75=Antonio |last76=González |first76=Virginia Barciela |last77=Atiénzar |first77=Gabriel García |last78=Hernández Pérez |first78=Mauro S. |last79=Llanos |first79=Armando |last80=Marco |first80=Yolanda Carrión |last81=Beneyto |first81=Isabel Collado |last82=López-Serrano |first82=David |last83=Tormo |first83=Mario Sanz |last84=Valera |first84=António C. |last85=Blasco |first85=Concepción |last86=Liesau |first86=Corina |last87=Ríos |first87=Patricia |last88=Daura |first88=Joan |last89=de Pedro Michó |first89=María Jesús |last90=Diez-Castillo |first90=Agustín A. |last91=Fernández |first91=Raúl Flores |last92=Farré |first92=Joan Francès |last93=Garrido-Pena |first93=Rafael |last94=Gonçalves |first94=Victor S. |last95=Guerra-Doce |first95=Elisa |last96=Herrero-Corral |first96=Ana Mercedes |last97=Juan-Cabanilles |first97=Joaquim |last98=López-Reyes |first98=Daniel |last99=McClure |first99=Sarah B. |last100=Pérez |first100=Marta Merino |last101=Foix |first101=Arturo Oliver |last102=Borràs |first102=Montserrat Sanz |last103=Sousa |first103=Ana Catarina |last104=Encinas |first104=Julio Manuel Vidal |last105=Kennett |first105=Douglas J. |last106=Richards |first106=Martin B. |last107=Alt |first107=Kurt Werner |last108=Haak |first108=Wolfgang |last109=Pinhasi |first109=Ron |last110=Lalueza-Fox |first110=Carles |last111=Reich |first111=David |title=The genomic history of the Iberian Peninsula over the past 8000 years |journal=Science |date=15 March 2019 |volume=363 |issue=6432 |pages=1230–1234 |doi=10.1126/science.aav4040 |pmid=30872528 |pmc=6436108 |displayauthors=29 |bibcode=2019Sci...363.1230O }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Adams |first1=Susan M. |last2=Bosch |first2=Elena |last3=Balaresque |first3=Patricia L. |last4=Ballereau |first4=Stéphane J. |last5=Lee |first5=Andrew C. |last6=Arroyo |first6=Eduardo |last7=López-Parra |first7=Ana M. |last8=Aler |first8=Mercedes |last9=Grifo |first9=Marina S. Gisbert |last10=Brion |first10=Maria |last11=Carracedo |first11=Angel |last12=Lavinha |first12=João |last13=Martínez-Jarreta |first13=Begoña |last14=Quintana-Murci |first14=Lluis |last15=Picornell |first15=Antònia |last16=Ramon |first16=Misericordia |last17=Skorecki |first17=Karl |last18=Behar |first18=Doron M. |last19=Calafell |first19=Francesc |last20=Jobling |first20=Mark A. |title=The Genetic Legacy of Religious Diversity and Intolerance: Paternal Lineages of Christians, Jews, and Muslims in the Iberian Peninsula |journal=American Journal of Human Genetics |date=12 December 2008 |volume=83 |issue=6 |pages=725–736 |doi=10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.11.007 |pmid=19061982 |pmc=2668061 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Torres |first1=Gabriela |title=El español "puro" tiene de todo |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/spanish/science/newsid_7804000/7804668.stm |work=BBC Mundo |date=31 December 2008}}</ref><ref>Cervantes virtual: [http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/obra-visor/la-invasin-rabe-los-rabes-y-el-elemento-rabe-en-espaol-0/html/00b64db8-82b2-11df-acc7-002185ce6064_2.html La invasión árabe. Los árabes y el elemento árabe en español].▼
▲|pmc=6358624 |bibcode=2019NatCo..10..551B }}</ref><ref name=pmid30872528/> A minor component of the genetic pool can be traced back to [[Germanic peoples|Germanic]] tribes who arrived after the Roman period as ruling elites, including the [[Suebi]], [[Vandals]] and the [[Visigoths]], who ruled for circa three hundred years.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsEurope/BarbarianSuevi.htm | title=Kingdoms of the Germanic Tribes - Suevi (Suebi)}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |first1=José |last1=Galazak |title=A diarquia sueva: sociedade e poder no regnum dos Quados ocidentais e no Regnum Suevorum (358–585 d.C.) |trans-title=The Swiss Diarchy: Society and Power in the Regnum of the Western Quados and in the Regnum Suevorum (AD 358–585) |language=Portuguese |journal=Revista Portuguesa de Arqueologia |volume=16 |year=2013 |pages=323–350 |url=http://www.patrimoniocultural.gov.pt/static/data/publicacoes/rpa/rpa16/18_323-350.pdf }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | url=https://www.academia.edu/37321555 |title = IN TEMPORE SUEBORUM. The time of the Suevi in Gallaecia (411-585 AD). Exhibition Catalogue (English)|journal = Jorge López Quiroga-Artemio M. Martínez Tejera (Coord.): In Tempore Sueborum. The Time of the Sueves in Gallaecia (411-585 Ad). The First Medieval Kingdom of the West, Ourense|last1 = Quiroga|first1 = Jorge López}}</ref><ref>"Spain: Visigothic Spain to c. 500". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2015. Retrieved 1 January 2015.
▲ https://books.openedition.org/cvz/2148?lang=en</ref> Phoenician, Punic, [[Sephardi Jews|Jewish]] and [[Arab-Berber]] also left genetic contributions, particularly in the south of the country.{{sfn|Jónsson|2007|p=195}}<ref name=pmid30872528>{{cite journal |last1=Olalde |first1=Iñigo |last2=Mallick |first2=Swapan |last3=Patterson |first3=Nick |last4=Rohland |first4=Nadin |last5=Villalba-Mouco |first5=Vanessa |last6=Silva |first6=Marina |last7=Dulias |first7=Katharina |last8=Edwards |first8=Ceiridwen J. |last9=Gandini |first9=Francesca |last10=Pala |first10=Maria |last11=Soares |first11=Pedro |last12=Ferrando-Bernal |first12=Manuel |last13=Adamski |first13=Nicole |last14=Broomandkhoshbacht |first14=Nasreen |last15=Cheronet |first15=Olivia |last16=Culleton |first16=Brendan J. |last17=Fernandes |first17=Daniel |last18=Lawson |first18=Ann Marie |last19=Mah |first19=Matthew |last20=Oppenheimer |first20=Jonas |last21=Stewardson |first21=Kristin |last22=Zhang |first22=Zhao |last23=Arenas |first23=Juan Manuel Jiménez |last24=Moyano |first24=Isidro Jorge Toro |last25=Salazar-García |first25=Domingo C. |last26=Castanyer |first26=Pere |last27=Santos |first27=Marta |last28=Tremoleda |first28=Joaquim |last29=Lozano |first29=Marina |last30=Borja |first30=Pablo García |last31=Fernández-Eraso |first31=Javier |last32=Mujika-Alustiza |first32=José Antonio |last33=Barroso |first33=Cecilio |last34=Bermúdez |first34=Francisco J. |last35=Mínguez |first35=Enrique Viguera |last36=Burch |first36=Josep |last37=Coromina |first37=Neus |last38=Vivó |first38=David |last39=Cebrià |first39=Artur |last40=Fullola |first40=Josep Maria |last41=García-Puchol |first41=Oreto |last42=Morales |first42=Juan Ignacio |last43=Oms |first43=F. Xavier |last44=Majó |first44=Tona |last45=Vergès |first45=Josep Maria |last46=Díaz-Carvajal |first46=Antònia |last47=Ollich-Castanyer |first47=Imma |last48=López-Cachero |first48=F. Javier |last49=Silva |first49=Ana Maria |last50=Alonso-Fernández |first50=Carmen |last51=de Castro |first51=Germán Delibes |last52=Echevarría |first52=Javier Jiménez |last53=Moreno-Márquez |first53=Adolfo |last54=Berlanga |first54=Guillermo Pascual |last55=Ramos-García |first55=Pablo |last56=Muñoz |first56=José Ramos |last57=Vila |first57=Eduardo Vijande |last58=Arzo |first58=Gustau Aguilella |last59=Arroyo |first59=Ángel Esparza |last60=Lillios |first60=Katina T. |last61=Mack |first61=Jennifer |last62=Velasco-Vázquez |first62=Javier |last63=Waterman |first63=Anna |last64=de Lugo Enrich |first64=Luis Benítez |last65=Sánchez |first65=María Benito |last66=Agustí |first66=Bibiana |last67=Codina |first67=Ferran |last68=de Prado |first68=Gabriel |last69=Estalrrich |first69=Almudena |last70=Flores |first70=Álvaro Fernández |last71=Finlayson |first71=Clive |last72=Finlayson |first72=Geraldine |last73=Finlayson |first73=Stewart |last74=Giles-Guzmán |first74=Francisco |last75=Rosas |first75=Antonio |last76=González |first76=Virginia Barciela |last77=Atiénzar |first77=Gabriel García |last78=Hernández Pérez |first78=Mauro S. |last79=Llanos |first79=Armando |last80=Marco |first80=Yolanda Carrión |last81=Beneyto |first81=Isabel Collado |last82=López-Serrano |first82=David |last83=Tormo |first83=Mario Sanz |last84=Valera |first84=António C. |last85=Blasco |first85=Concepción |last86=Liesau |first86=Corina |last87=Ríos |first87=Patricia |last88=Daura |first88=Joan |last89=de Pedro Michó |first89=María Jesús |last90=Diez-Castillo |first90=Agustín A. |last91=Fernández |first91=Raúl Flores |last92=Farré |first92=Joan Francès |last93=Garrido-Pena |first93=Rafael |last94=Gonçalves |first94=Victor S. |last95=Guerra-Doce |first95=Elisa |last96=Herrero-Corral |first96=Ana Mercedes |last97=Juan-Cabanilles |first97=Joaquim |last98=López-Reyes |first98=Daniel |last99=McClure |first99=Sarah B. |last100=Pérez |first100=Marta Merino |last101=Foix |first101=Arturo Oliver |last102=Borràs |first102=Montserrat Sanz |last103=Sousa |first103=Ana Catarina |last104=Encinas |first104=Julio Manuel Vidal |last105=Kennett |first105=Douglas J. |last106=Richards |first106=Martin B. |last107=Alt |first107=Kurt Werner |last108=Haak |first108=Wolfgang |last109=Pinhasi |first109=Ron |last110=Lalueza-Fox |first110=Carles |last111=Reich |first111=David |title=The genomic history of the Iberian Peninsula over the past 8000 years |journal=Science |date=15 March 2019 |volume=363 |issue=6432 |pages=1230–1234 |doi=10.1126/science.aav4040 |pmid=30872528 |pmc=6436108 |displayauthors=29 |bibcode=2019Sci...363.1230O }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Adams |first1=Susan M. |last2=Bosch |first2=Elena |last3=Balaresque |first3=Patricia L. |last4=Ballereau |first4=Stéphane J. |last5=Lee |first5=Andrew C. |last6=Arroyo |first6=Eduardo |last7=López-Parra |first7=Ana M. |last8=Aler |first8=Mercedes |last9=Grifo |first9=Marina S. Gisbert |last10=Brion |first10=Maria |last11=Carracedo |first11=Angel |last12=Lavinha |first12=João |last13=Martínez-Jarreta |first13=Begoña |last14=Quintana-Murci |first14=Lluis |last15=Picornell |first15=Antònia |last16=Ramon |first16=Misericordia |last17=Skorecki |first17=Karl |last18=Behar |first18=Doron M. |last19=Calafell |first19=Francesc |last20=Jobling |first20=Mark A. |title=The Genetic Legacy of Religious Diversity and Intolerance: Paternal Lineages of Christians, Jews, and Muslims in the Iberian Peninsula |journal=American Journal of Human Genetics |date=12 December 2008 |volume=83 |issue=6 |pages=725–736 |doi=10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.11.007 |pmid=19061982 |pmc=2668061 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Torres |first1=Gabriela |title=El español "puro" tiene de todo |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/spanish/science/newsid_7804000/7804668.stm |work=BBC Mundo |date=31 December 2008}}</ref><ref>Cervantes virtual: [http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/obra-visor/la-invasin-rabe-los-rabes-y-el-elemento-rabe-en-espaol-0/html/00b64db8-82b2-11df-acc7-002185ce6064_2.html La invasión árabe. Los árabes y el elemento árabe en español].
 
{{cite journal |last1=Adams |first1=Susan M. |last2=Bosch |first2=Elena |last3=Balaresque |first3=Patricia L. |last4=Ballereau |first4=Stéphane J. |last5=Lee |first5=Andrew C. |last6=Arroyo |first6=Eduardo |last7=López-Parra |first7=Ana M. |last8=Aler |first8=Mercedes |last9=Grifo |first9=Marina S. Gisbert |last10=Brion |first10=Maria |last11=Carracedo |first11=Angel |last12=Lavinha |first12=João |last13=Martínez-Jarreta |first13=Begoña |last14=Quintana-Murci |first14=Lluis |last15=Picornell |first15=Antònia |last16=Ramon |first16=Misericordia |last17=Skorecki |first17=Karl |last18=Behar |first18=Doron M. |last19=Calafell |first19=Francesc |last20=Jobling |first20=Mark A. |title=The Genetic Legacy of Religious Diversity and Intolerance: Paternal Lineages of Christians, Jews, and Muslims in the Iberian Peninsula |journal=The American Journal of Human Genetics |date=December 2008 |volume=83 |issue=6 |pages=725–736 |pmc=2668061|pmid=19061982 |doi=10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.11.007| name-list-format=vanc}}</ref><ref name="Bycroft2019" />
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaniards"