Providence/Stoughton Line

(Redirected from Attleboro Line)

The Providence/Stoughton Line is an MBTA Commuter Rail service in Massachusetts and Rhode Island, primarily serving the southwestern suburbs of Boston. Most service runs entirely on the Northeast Corridor between South Station in Boston and Providence station or Wickford Junction station in Rhode Island, while the Stoughton Branch splits at Canton Junction and terminates at Stoughton. It is the longest MBTA Commuter Rail line, and the only one that operates outside Massachusetts. The line is the busiest on the MBTA Commuter Rail system, with 17,648 daily boardings in an October 2022 count.

Providence/Stoughton Line
An inbound Providence/Stoughton Line train approaching Canton Junction in April 2016
Overview
OwnerMBTA (within Massachusetts)
Amtrak (within Rhode Island)
LocaleSoutheastern Massachusetts
Rhode Island
Termini
Stations18
Websitewww.mbta.com/schedules/CR-Providence
Service
SystemMBTA Commuter Rail
Train number(s)800–841, 860–893 (weekday)
1800-1819 (Saturday)
2800-2819 (Sunday)
Operator(s)Keolis North America
Daily ridership17,648[1]
Technical
Line length62.9 miles (101.2 km) (South Station–Wickford Junction)
18.9 miles (30.4 km) (South Station–Stoughton)[2]
Track gauge4 ft 8+12 in (1,435 mm)
Route map

0.0 mi
0 km
South Station
Silver Line (MBTA) Red Line (MBTA) MBTA Commuter Rail Amtrak
1.2 mi
1.9 km
Back Bay
Orange Line (MBTA) MBTA Commuter Rail Amtrak
Massachusetts Avenue
2.2 mi
3.5 km
Ruggles
Orange Line (MBTA) MBTA Commuter Rail
Roxbury Crossing
Jackson Square
Stony Brook
Green Street
Forest Hills
Orange Line (MBTA)
6.5 mi
10.5 km
Mount Hope (closed 1979)
8.4 mi
13.5 km
9.5 mi
15.3 km
11.4 mi
18.3 km
Route 128
Amtrak
14.8 mi
23.8 km
Canton Junction
Stoughton Branch
15.6 mi
25.1 km
Canton Center
18.9 mi
30.4 km
Stoughton
17.9 mi
28.8 km
Sharon
24.7 mi
39.8 km
Mansfield
31.8 mi
51.2 km
Attleboro
36.8 mi
59.2 km
South Attleboro
39.5 mi
63.6 km
Pawtucket/​Central Falls
43.6 mi
70.2 km
Providence
Amtrak
51.9 mi
83.5 km
T. F. Green Airport
T.F. Green Airport
62.9 mi
101.2 km
Wickford Junction

The portion between Boston and Providence was originally built by the Boston and Providence Railroad between 1834 and 1847. The portion south of Providence was built by the New York, Providence and Boston Railroad in 1837, while the Stoughton Branch was built by the Stoughton Branch Railroad in 1845. The lines were acquired by the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad in the 1890s.

The MBTA began subsidizing service in the 1960s, and purchased the infrastructure and rolling stock from Penn Central in 1973. Service was cut back to Attleboro in 1981, but rush-hour service returned as far as Providence in 1988 under an agreement with the state of Rhode Island. Off-peak service to Rhode Island resumed in 2000. An extension south from Providence opened to T. F. Green Airport in 2010 and to Wickford Junction in 2012. All stations have been made accessible with high-level platforms. Newer stations like T.F. Green Airport, as well as stations shared with Amtrak, largely have full-length high level platforms; older stations have mostly been retrofitted with "mini-high" platforms one car length long.

History

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An Attleboro/Stoughton Line train in 1982
 
South Attleboro station opened in 1990. This photograph was taken in 2013.

The Boston and Providence Railroad (B&P) opened between Boston and Sprague Mansion in 1834, and on to Providence in 1835. A new line between Providence and East Junction via Central Falls, shared with the Providence and Worcester Railroad south of Central Falls, opened in October 1847. The B&P was leased by the Old Colony Railroad in 1888; the Old Colony was in turn leased by the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad in 1893.[3]

At the peak of service around the turn of the century, weekday service included six Boston–Providence local round trips, seven round trips from Taunton and New Bedford via Mansfield, 62 Boston–Forest Hills round trips running every 15 minutes, 12 Boston–Dedham round trips via Readville and 24 via West Roxbury, and 11 intercity round trips from beyond Providence. Connections to additional branch line trains were made at Canton Junction, Mansfield, and East Junction.[3] Forest Hills service was soon decimated by the competing Washington Street Elevated; branch line service declined in the 1920s and 1930s. Further reductions occurred after World War II; cuts in July 1959 reduced Providence service from 12 to nine round trips, Dedham service to one round trip, and Stoughton service to two round trips.[3][4]

MBTA era

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On December 31, 1968, the recently formed Penn Central bought the failing New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad. The MBTA bought the section of the Providence–Boston line in Massachusetts, as well as many other lines including the Stoughton Branch, from Penn Central on January 27, 1973. On April 1, 1976 Conrail took over Penn Central and the commuter rail equipment was sold to the MBTA. Conrail continued to operate the line under contract to the MBTA until 1977, when the Boston and Maine Railroad became the sole contractor for all MBTA commuter rail service. Full subsidies by the MBTA for the Providence and Stoughton lines began on September 28, 1976, before which the Federal government helped. On March 31, 1977, the Greater Attleboro Taunton Regional Transit Authority and Rhode Island Department of Transportation began to subsidize service beyond the MBTA district, and Stoughton began to pay to keep its station open, that cost later going to the Brockton Area Transit Authority.

On November 3, 1979, the line was closed north of Readville for long-term reconstruction as part of the Southwest Corridor project. All trains began using what is now the Fairmount Line, and special shuttle trains connected South Station to Back Bay. The new line, rebuilt below grade with space for three tracks (the old one had been above grade with room for four tracks), opened on October 5, 1987.[5] The Orange Line shares the corridor between Back Bay and Forest Hills.

After Rhode Island cut back its subsidy, Sunday service was truncated to Attleboro in October 1977, with off-peak and Saturday service following suit in April 1979. On February 20, 1981, the MBTA stopped serving Rhode Island altogether after that state declined to renew its subsidy.[5] On September 17, 1986, Massachusetts and Rhode Island reached an agreement to resume service.[6] Rush-hour service to Rhode Island was restored on February 1, 1988. On June 20, 1990, a new stop opened in South Attleboro and most trains were extended to the station; regular Sunday service returned in 1992.[5]

In 1990, a northbound commuter train was involved in a collision with a northbound Night Owl train. The accident, which occurred to the west of Back Bay station, injured over four hundred people, although there were no fatalities.[7]

Some off-peak weekday trains were extended to Providence starting on December 11, 2000.[5] On July 24, 2006, the MBTA increased weekday Providence service from 11 to 15 daily round trips. Weekend service to Providence resumed on July 29, and a new layover facility was opened in Pawtucket.[8][9][10]

Extensions

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Providence Line

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Map of South County Commuter Rail project, showing the extension to T.F. Green Airport and Wickford Junction

The South County Commuter Rail initiative, a 20-mile extension past Providence to T. F. Green Airport and Wickford Junction in Rhode Island was implemented between 2010 and 2012. The T. F. Green Airport part of the extension opened in December 2010, with Wickford Junction service beginning in April 2012.[11] An infill station at Pawtucket/​Central Falls opened on January 23, 2023.[12][13]

Additional studies and proposals to expand Providence/Stoughton Line service have occurred; though none have been funded or pursued. In 2001, prior to the South County extension, the Rhode Island Department of Transportation considered constructing infill stations in Cranston and East Greenwich along with the addition of extending commuter service to existing Amtrak stations in Kingston and Westerly. Under this plan, RIDOT proposed the establishment of its own statewide commuter service along the Northeast Corridor that would connect with MBTA service and an extension of CTrail's Shore Line East.[14] Ultimately, the MBTA would be contracted to operate trains as far as Wickford Junction, with Kingston and Westerly being relegated to only Northeast Regional service.[5]

An extension to Westerly was once again studied by RIDOT in 2017. The study also assessed electrification and extensions of Shore Line East service to Westerly or Kingston. Ultimately, none of the alternatives moved beyond the preliminary study phase.[15] A passing siding and new platforms at Kingston were completed in 2017, which may enable commuter services in the future.[16] As of 2024, there are no plans to extend Providence Line service.

 
Abandoned D&S railbed in Raynham that would be restored for Phase 2 of South Coast Rail

Stoughton Branch

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A major extension of the Stoughton Branch has been proposed as a part of Phase 2 of the South Coast Rail project. Phase 2 of the South Coast Rail, projected for completion in 2030, would extend the Stoughton Branch south over the abandoned Dighton and Somerset Railroad through Easton, Raynham, and Taunton. Currently, the line between Stoughton and Dean Street in Taunton is abandoned; however, the route is rail-banked for future service, precluding it from overdevelopment. It would join Phase 1 (scheduled to open in mid-2025) near East Taunton station and replace the section of the Phase 1 route through Middleborough. Current plans call for the reconstruction of Canton Center and Stoughton stations; new stations on the extended route would include North Easton, Easton Village, Raynham Place, and Taunton.[17]

Electrification

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The MBTA Commuter Rail currently operates diesel locomotives on the electrified Northeast Corridor

Amtrak electrified the Northeast Corridor north of New Haven to Boston as part of the Northeast High Speed Rail Improvement Program in 2000; however, the MBTA has not utilized this, and continues to operate diesel locomotives under-wire. Electrified commuter service had not been pursued due to costs associated with traction substation expansion, electric multiple unit procurement, as well as additional catenary installation at several station sidings and layover facilities.[18][19] By the late 2010s, the MBTA began exploring options to pilot electric trains for Providence service as part of a long-term transition to regional rail.[20]

The MBTA would propose several pilots for electric Providence service during the early 2020s; however, none would come to fruition. In 2019, the MBTA had preliminary discussions with Amtrak about leasing Siemens ACS-64 electric locomotives to test on the Providence Line.[21] By 2021, the MBTA shifted plans to instead pilot electric multiple units (EMU) on Providence service in 2024, with the Fairmount Line and the inner section of the Newburyport/Rockport Line electrified later in the decade.[22][23] In June 2022 the MBTA reversed plans and specified that pilot electric service would utilize leased Amtrak locomotives, not EMUs, in 2024; additionally, long-term electrification would utilize battery-electric multiple units (BEMU) on the Providence/Stoughton Line and Fairmount Line by 2028–29.[24] By 2024, all plans to pilot electric service on the Providence Line had been indefinitely postponed.

In late 2022 RIDOT applied for a $3 million Consolidated Rail Infrastructure and Safety Improvement (CRISI) grant to study Providence Line electrification; however, the application was rejected by the FRA in 2023, which precluded the study.[25][26] In July 2024, the MBTA and Keolis moved forward with a proposal to procure and operate BEMUs on the Fairmount Line by 2028; however, Providence service was omitted due to increased fleet requirements.[27][28][29][30]

Several preliminary projects to enable electric service have been proposed or are underway. A 1.7-mile (2.7 km) section of non-electrified platform sidings at Attleboro, not included in the initial Amtrak electrification, was planned for electrification in mid-2022 to support future electric MBTA operations; however, the project was delayed and completed in mid-2024.[31] Electrification of the station siding at T.F. Green Airport to enable Northeast Regional service has been subjected to several planning studies.[32][33] Current plans for Phase 2 of the South Coast Rail Project would fully electrify the Stoughton extension and the Phase 1 route by 2030.[17]

Special event service

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In August 1971, the MBTA began operating Boston–Foxboro and Providence–Foxboro service for events at the new Foxboro Stadium.[5][34] Providence service ended early in the 1973 season due to insufficient ridership; Boston service ended that October.[35] Boston service via the Franklin Line resumed in 1986.[36] It was rerouted over the Providence/Stoughton Line in 1989, with intermediate stops at Back Bay, Hyde Park, Route 128, Canton Junction, Sharon, and Mansfield; a reverse move was made at Mansfield to access the Framingham Secondary.[37] Boston–Foxboro service was again rerouted over the Franklin Line in 1995.[38][39] Providence–Foxboro event service resumed for the 1997 season, with intermediate stops at South Attleboro, Attleboro, and Mansfield.[40][41] Event service was extended to T.F. Green Airport in 2012, but cut back to Providence in 2019.[42][43]

COVID-19 pandemic

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Substantially reduced schedules were in effect from March 16 to June 23, 2020.[5] Service changes effective November 2, 2020, shifted some peak service to off-peak, providing 60-minute all-day headways between Providence and Boston.[44] Reduced schedules were again put in effect on December 14, 2020.[45][5] As part of a schedule change on January 23, 2021, Sunday morning Boston–Providence service began operation for the first time since the New Haven era.[46] On February 26, 2021, South Attleboro station was temporarily closed due to structural deterioration.[5] Full service was restored on April 5, 2021.[47] As part of that schedule change, all Providence/Stoughton Line trains began stopping at Ruggles station after an additional platform there was completed.[48][49] Additionally, the final Providence-bound train on weekdays began stopping at Forest Hills station to provide a transfer to a shuttle train to Needham.[50][51] During the closure of the Orange Line from August 19 to September 18, 2022, additional Providence/Stoughton Line trains stopped at Forest Hills.[52] One of these trains – a midday Providence outbound – continued to stop after September 19.[53]

Daily ridership reached 17,648 in October 2022 – 69% of pre-COVID ridership.[1] On October 2, 2023, the last evening Stoughton-bound train began operating via the Fairmount Line – the first such service since 2004.[54] South Attleboro station reopened with limited weekday service – three northbound and four southbound trains – on May 20, 2024. All weekend service and some weekday service began stopping at Readville station to provide timed transfers with Franklin/Foxboro Line trains operating over the Fairmount Line.[55][56]

Service

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As of February 2022, weekday service has 20 Boston–Providence round trips, half of which run to Wickford Junction, and 16 Boston–Stoughton round trips. Weekend service has nine Boston–Providence round trips, with no Wickford Junction or Stoughton service.[57]

The main branch forms the far northern leg of Amtrak's Northeast Corridor. All Acela Express trains and all Northeast Regional routes between Boston and New York City run along this line. South Station, Back Bay, Route 128 and Providence have long ranked among the busiest Amtrak stations in the country. With fast and frequent MBTA and Amtrak service, the Providence-Boston share of the Northeast Corridor is one of the busiest rail lines in the country.

Ownership and financing

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The MBTA owns the section from Boston to the Rhode Island border (called the Attleboro Line), while Amtrak owns all track in Rhode Island.[58] The entire line is part of the Northeast Corridor.

As part of the 1988[59] Pilgrim Partnership Agreement, Rhode Island provides capital funding (including some of its federal formula funds) for MBTA expansion in the state. Massachusetts (through the MBTA) provides the operating subsidy for MBTA Commuter Rail service in return.[60] Rhode Island also pays Amtrak to allow the MBTA to use its tracks.[61]

Station listing

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Commuter rail platform at Ruggles station
 
Platforms and station building at Mansfield
 
Former station at Pawtucket/Central Falls, last used in 1981
Fare zone Location Miles (km)[2][62] Station Connections and notes
1A Boston 0.0 (0.0)   South Station   Amtrak: Acela, Lake Shore Limited, Northeast Regional
  MBTA Commuter Rail: Fairmount, Framingham/Worcester, Franklin/Foxboro, Greenbush, Old Colony, and Needham lines; CapeFlyer (seasonal)
  MBTA subway: Red Line; Silver Line (SL1, SL2, SL3, SL4)
  MBTA bus: 4, 7, 11
  Intercity buses at South Station Bus Terminal
1.2 (1.9)   Back Bay   Amtrak: Acela Express, Lake Shore Limited, Northeast Regional
  MBTA Commuter Rail: Framingham/Worcester, Franklin/Foxboro, and Needham lines
  MBTA subway: Orange Line
  MBTA bus: 10, 39
2.2 (3.5)   Ruggles   MBTA Commuter Rail: Franklin/Foxboro and Needham lines
  MBTA subway: Orange Line
  MBTA bus: 8, 15, 19, 22, 23, 28, 43, 44, 45, 47, CT2, CT3
5.0 (8.0)   Forest Hills Limited service
  MBTA Commuter Rail: Franklin/Foxboro and Needham lines
  MBTA subway: Orange Line
  MBTA bus: 16, 21, 30, 31, 32, 34, 34E, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 42, 50, 51
6.5 (10.5) Mount Hope Closed November 2, 1979
1 8.4 (13.5)   Hyde Park   MBTA Commuter Rail: Franklin/Foxboro Line
  MBTA bus: 24, 32, 33, 50
2 9.5 (15.3)   Readville   MBTA Commuter Rail: Fairmount and Franklin/Foxboro lines
  MBTA bus: 32, 33
Westwood 11.4 (18.3)   Route 128   Amtrak: Acela Express, Northeast Regional
3 Canton 14.8 (23.8)   Canton Junction Split with Stoughton Branch
4 Sharon 17.9 (28.8)   Sharon
Foxborough 23.0 (37.0) East Foxboro Closed November 1977
6 Mansfield 24.7 (39.8)   Mansfield   Blue Apple Bus
7 Attleboro 31.8 (51.2)   Attleboro   GATRA: 10, 12, 15, 16, 18
36.8 (59.2)   South Attleboro Limited service
  GATRA: 11, 16
  RIPTA: 1, 35
Pawtucket, RI 39.0 (62.8) Pawtucket–​Central Falls Closed February 19, 1981
8 39.5 (63.6)   Pawtucket/​Central Falls   RIPTA: R-Line, 1, 71, 72, 73, 75, 76, 78, 80, QX
Providence, RI 43.6 (70.2)   Providence   Amtrak: Acela Express, Northeast Regional
  RIPTA: R-Line, 3, 4, 50, 51, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 66, 72
9 Warwick, RI 51.9 (83.5)   T.F. Green Airport   RIPTA:
10 North Kingstown, RI 62.9 (101.2)   Wickford Junction   RIPTA: 14, 65x, 66
  Currently operating station

Stoughton Branch

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State Fare zone Location Mile (km)[2] Station Connections and notes
MA 3 Canton 14.8 (23.8)   Canton Junction Splits from main line (Northeast Corridor)
15.6 (25.1)   Canton Center   MBTA bus: 716
4 Stoughton 18.9 (30.4)   Stoughton   BAT: 14
  Currently operating station

References

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  1. ^ a b Poftak, Steve (October 27, 2022). "GM Report" (PDF). Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. p. 6.
  2. ^ a b c "Ridership and Service Statistics" (PDF) (14th ed.). Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. 2014.
  3. ^ a b c Humphrey, Thomas J.; Clark, Norton D. (1985). Boston's Commuter Rail: The First 150 Years. Boston Street Railway Association. pp. 29–37. ISBN 9780685412947.
  4. ^ "Alpert Lops Off 18 Providence to Hub Trains". Boston Globe. July 3, 1959. p. 7 – via Newspapers.com.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i Belcher, Jonathan. "Changes to Transit Service in the MBTA district" (PDF). Boston Street Railway Association.
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  8. ^ "MBTA Expanding Train Service To Providence On Weekdays, Introducing New Service On Weekends" (Press release). Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. July 14, 2006.
  9. ^ Castellucci, John (25 April 2006). "Planned rail yard will expand routes, relieve neighbors". Providence Journal. Archived from the original on 24 September 2009.
  10. ^ "MBTA, U.S. Senator Jack Reed, RI Governor Carcieri, RIDOT Officially Open Pawtucket Layover Facility" (Press release). Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. August 2, 2006.
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  12. ^ Shorey, Ethan (December 14, 2023). "Opening in January, new Pawtucket/CF train station set in motion two decades ago". The Valley Breeze. Retrieved December 14, 2022.
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  14. ^ Edwards and Kelcey, Inc (July 2001). "South County Commuter Rail Service: Operations Plan" (PDF). Rhode Island Department of Transportation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 April 2009. Retrieved 2 October 2011.
  15. ^ "Feasibility Study for Intercity Rail Service to T.F. Green Airport" (PDF). Amtrak and the Rhode Island Department of Transportation. April 2017.
  16. ^ Barrett, Chris (31 December 2009). "Kingston MBTA stop project proposed". Providence Business News. Retrieved 8 April 2013.
  17. ^ a b "South Coast Rail | Projects | MBTA". www.mbta.com. Retrieved 2024-09-19.
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  22. ^ Sawers, Alistair (April 12, 2021). "Regional Rail Transformation Update: EMU Pilot and Phase 1 Planning Update" (PDF). Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 12, 2021.
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  25. ^ Anderson, Patrick. "Providence to Boston in 45 minutes? RIDOT, MBTA studying faster, cleaner electric trains". The Providence Journal. Retrieved 2024-09-19.
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  28. ^ "Fairmount Line Decarbonized Service" (PDF). Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. July 25, 2024.
  29. ^ "The T's New Electric Fairmount Line Trains Could Run On Other Lines, Too - Streetsblog Massachusetts". mass.streetsblog.org. 2024-08-14. Retrieved 2024-09-19.
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  35. ^ "Patriots halt train service". Boston Globe. October 25, 1973. p. 50 – via Newspapers.com.
  36. ^ "MBTA to run trains to Patriots' games". Boston Globe. September 2, 1988. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
  37. ^ Ackerman, Jerry (September 18, 1989). "The latest words from the streets". Boston Globe. p. 15 – via Newspapers.com.
  38. ^ "How to get to the game". Boston Globe. December 4, 1994. p. 63 – via Newspapers.com.
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  40. ^ "[Advertisement]". Boston Globe. October 11, 1996. p. 90 – via Newspapers.com.
  41. ^ "If you're going to the game..." Boston Globe. September 14, 1997. p. 64 – via Newspapers.com.
  42. ^ "Riding the T: Patriots". Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. Archived from the original on September 19, 2012.
  43. ^ "Gillette Stadium". Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. Archived from the original on August 22, 2019.
  44. ^ DiAdamo, Rob (September 14, 2020). "Fall 2020 Commuter Rail Schedule Changes" (PDF). Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority.
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  46. ^ "Providence/Stoughton Line 2021 Winter Schedule" (PDF). Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. January 23, 2021.
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  50. ^ "Needham Line Spring 2021 Schedule" (PDF). Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. April 5, 2021.
  51. ^ "Providence/Stoughton Line Spring 2021 Schedule" (PDF). Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. April 5, 2021.
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  54. ^ "Providence/Stoughton Line: Fall/Winter Schedule" (PDF). Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. October 2, 2023.
  55. ^ Coholan, Ryan (April 25, 2024). "Spring 2024 Transportation Schedule Changes" (PDF). Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. p. 7.
  56. ^ "Providence/Stoughton Line Spring/Summer Schedule" (PDF). Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. May 20, 2024. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 7, 2024.
  57. ^ Belcher, Jonathan (January–February 2022). "MBTA Vehicle Inventory as of February 28, 2022". Rollsign. Vol. 59, no. 1–2. Boston Street Railway Association. p. 17.
  58. ^ "Amtrak to continue providing service to the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority under new agreement" (Press release). Amtrak. August 7, 2017. Archived from the original on June 6, 2020.
  59. ^ "COMMUTER RAIL SERVICE TO WARWICK'S T.F. GREEN STATION UNDERWAY". Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. 8 December 2010. Retrieved 2 October 2011.
  60. ^ "South County Commuter Rail". Federal Transit Administration. 2011. Archived from the original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 2 October 2011.
  61. ^ Bierman, Noah (10 September 2009). "Vote set on T link to R.I. airport". Boston Globe. Retrieved 2 October 2011.
  62. ^ Held, Patrick R. (2010). "Massachusetts Bay Colony Railroad Track Charts" (PDF). Johns Hopkins Association for Computing Machinery. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 8, 2013.
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