History of Pakistan: Difference between revisions

In 1160, Muhammad Ghori conquered Ghazni from the Ghaznavids and became its governor in 1173. He marched eastwards into the remaining Ghaznavid territory and Gujarat in the 1180s, but was rebuffed by Gujarat's [[Solanki]] rulers. In 1186-7, he conquered Lahore, bringing the last of Ghaznevid territory under his control and ending the Ghaznavid empire. Muhammad Ghori returned to Lahore after 1200 to deal with a revolt of the Rajput Ghakkar tribe in the Punjab. He suppressed the revolt, but was killed during a Ghakkar raid on his camp on the Jhelum River in 1206. Muhammad Ghori's successors established the first Indo-Islamic dynasty, the [[Delhi Sultanate]]. The [[Mamluk Sultanate (Delhi)|Mamluk Dynasty]], (''mamluk means "slave" and referred to the Turkic slave soldiers who became rulers throughout the Islamic world''), seized the throne of the Sultanate in 1211. Several Turko-Afghan dynasties ruled their empires from Delhi: the Mamluk (1211–90), the [[Khalji]] (1290–1320), the [[Tughlaq dynasty|Tughlaq]] (1320–1413), the [[Sayyid]] (1414–51) and the [[Lodhi]] (1451–1526). Although some kingdoms remained independent of Delhi - in Gujarat, [[Malwa]] (central India), Bengal and [[Deccan]] - almost all of the Indus plain came under the rule of these large Indo-Islamic sultanates. Perhaps the greatest contribution of the sultanate was its temporary success in insulating South Asia from the [[Chagatai Khanate|Mongol invasion from Central Asia]] in the thirteenth century; nonetheless the sultans eventually lost [[Afghanistan]] and western Pakistan to the [[Mongol Empire|Mongols]] (see the [[Ilkhanate]] Dynasty). The Sultanate declined after the invasion of Emperor [[Timur]] - who founded the [[Timurid Dynasty]] - and was eventually conquered in 1526 by the [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] king [[Babar]].