Abstract
We derive macroscopic dynamics for self-propelled particles in a fluid. The starting point is a coupled Vicsek–Stokes system. The Vicsek model describes self-propelled agents interacting through alignment. It provides a phenomenological description of hydrodynamic interactions between agents at high density. Stokes equations describe a low Reynolds number fluid. These two dynamics are coupled by the interaction between the agents and the fluid. The fluid contributes to rotating the particles through Jeffery’s equation. Particle self-propulsion induces a force dipole on the fluid. After coarse-graining we obtain a coupled Self-Organised Hydrodynamics–Stokes system. We perform a linear stability analysis for this system which shows that both pullers and pushers have unstable modes. We conclude by providing extensions of the Vicsek–Stokes model including short-distance repulsion, finite particle inertia and finite Reynolds number fluid regime.
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Acknowledgements
PD acknowledges support by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) under Grants No. EP/M006883/1 and EP/P013651/1, by the Royal Society and the Wolfson Foundation through a Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award No. WM130048 and by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant No. RNMS11-07444 (KI-Net). PD is on leave from CNRS, Institutde Mathématiques de Toulouse, France. S.M.A. was supported by the British Engineering and Physical Research Council under Grant Ref: EP/M006883/1. HY acknowledges the support by Division of Mathematical Sciences [KI-Net NSF RNMS Grant Number 1107444]; DFG Cluster of Excellence Production technologies for high-wage countries [Grant Number DFG STE2063/1-1], [Grant Number HE5386/13,14,15-1]. HY and FV gratefully acknowledges the hospitality of the Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, where part of this research was conducted. SMA is supported by the WWTF grant (Vienna Science and Technology Fund) Vienna Research Groups for Young Investigators, VRG17-014.
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Communicated by I.M. Gamba.
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Degond, P., Merino-Aceituno, S., Vergnet, F. et al. Coupled Self-Organized Hydrodynamics and Stokes Models for Suspensions of Active Particles. J. Math. Fluid Mech. 21, 6 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00021-019-0406-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00021-019-0406-9
Keywords
- Collective dynamics
- Self-organization
- Hydrodynamic limit
- Alignment interaction
- Vicsek model
- Low Reynolds number
- Jeffery’s equation
- Volume exclusion
- Stability analysis
- Finite inertia
- Finite Reynolds number