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Connective tissue disease

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Connective tissue disease
Other namesConnective tissue disorder, collagen vascular diseases
Different types of connective tissue
SpecialtyRheumatology Edit this on Wikidata

Connective tissue disease, also known as connective tissue disorder, or collagen vascular diseases, refers to any disorder that affect the connective tissue.[1] The body's structures are held together by connective tissues, consisting of two distinct proteins: elastin and collagen. Tendons, ligaments, skin, cartilage, bone, and blood vessels are all made of collagen. Skin and ligaments contain elastin. The proteins and the body's surrounding tissues may suffer damage when these connective tissues become inflamed.[2]

The two main categories of connective tissue diseases are (1) a set of relatively rare genetic disorders affecting the primary structure of connective tissue, and (2) a variety of acquired diseases where the connective tissues are the site of multiple, more or less distinct immunological and inflammatory reactions.

Diseases in which inflammation or weakness of collagen tends to occur are also referred to as collagen diseases. Collagen vascular diseases can be (but are not necessarily) associated with collagen and blood vessel abnormalities that are autoimmune in nature.

Some connective tissue diseases have strong or weak genetic inheritance risks. Others may be due to environmental factors, or a combination of genetic and environmental influences.

Classification

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Connective tissue diseases can be classified into two groups: (1) a group of relatively rare genetic disorders affecting the primary structure of connective tissue; and (2) a number of acquired conditions where the connective tissues are the site of multiple, more or less distinct immune and inflammatory reactions.[1]

Heritable connective tissue disorders

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Hereditary connective tissue disorders are a diverse set of broad, single-gene disorders that impact one or more of the main components of connective tissues, such as ground substance (glycosaminoglycans), collagen, or elastin. Many result in anomalies of the skeleton and joints, which can substantially impair normal growth and development. In contrast to acquired connective tissue diseases, these conditions are uncommon.[1]

Autoimmune connective tissue disorders

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Acquired connective tissue diseases share certain clinical features, such as joint inflammation, inflammation of serous membranes, and vasculitis, as well as a high frequency of involvement of various internal organs that are particularly rich in connective tissue.[1]

See also

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References

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Further reading

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  • Spagnolo, Paolo; Cordier, Jean-François; Cottin, Vincent (2016-02-25). "Connective tissue diseases, multimorbidity and the ageing lung". European Respiratory Journal. 47 (5). European Respiratory Society (ERS): 1535–1558. doi:10.1183/13993003.00829-2015. ISSN 0903-1936. PMID 26917611.
  • Baildam, Eileen (2014). "Rare connective tissue diseases in childhood". Paediatrics and Child Health. 24 (2): 51–57. doi:10.1016/j.paed.2013.12.005.
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