Jump to content

Canowindra

Coordinates: 33°34′0″S 148°40′0″E / 33.56667°S 148.66667°E / -33.56667; 148.66667
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Canowindra, New South Wales)

Canowindra
New South Wales
Main town of Canowindra (top). Aerial photo of the town (bottom).
Canowindra is located in New South Wales
Canowindra
Canowindra
Coordinates33°34′0″S 148°40′0″E / 33.56667°S 148.66667°E / -33.56667; 148.66667
Population2,832 (2021 census)[1]
Established1847
Postcode(s)2804
Elevation300 m (984 ft)
Location
  • 317 km (197 mi) W of Sydney
  • 59 km (37 mi) SW of Orange
  • 32 km (20 mi) N of Cowra
LGA(s)Cabonne Shire
State electorate(s)Orange
Federal division(s)Calare
Mean max temp Mean min temp Annual rainfall
24.7 °C
76 °F
8.1 °C
47 °F
602 mm
23.7 in

Situated on the Belubula River, Canowindra (pronounced /kəˈnndrə/ kə-NOWN-drə[2]) is a historic township and the largest population centre in Cabonne Shire. The town is located between Orange and Cowra in the central west of New South Wales, Australia. The curving main street, Gaskill Street, is partly an urban conservation area.

Toponymy

[edit]

The name of the town is derived from an Aboriginal language (Wiradjuri) word meaning 'a home'[3] or 'camping place'.[4]

History

[edit]

Prior to the arrival of Europeans to Australia, the area now known as Canowindra was occupied for tens of thousands of years by a people known as the Wiradjuri.[5] These "people of the three rivers" were hunters and gatherers who exploited the resources available in the rivers and the lands, particularly the river flats.[6]

European Settlement

[edit]

The first land grant of 640 acres to a European in the area was to James Collits by Governor Ralph Darling in 1829 as a reward for "pointing out a line of road from Mt. York to Bathurst". Subsequently, Collits' father, Pierce, was granted land adjacent to the original grant.[7] There is some evidence that James (or the succeeding owner, Thomas Icely) named the property "Canoundra". Collits owned other significant tracts of land in the area, together with a store and the first hotel. A settlement slowly grew, and as early as 1844 the village (now referred to as "Canowindra") was the site of a government pound.[4]

A post office opened at Canowindra in 1847 with mail coming from Carcoar, but the village was handicapped as part of a main route to the lower Lachlan, first by the lack of a bridge and later by the construction of the railway to Orange. The first bridge across the Belubula River at Canowindra was opened on 28 July 1875.[8] It was replaced by the Waddell Bridge in May 1901,[9] and by the current John Grant Bridge in 1997.

Gold has been mined at Canowindra; the Blue Jacket, Grant's Reef, Blue Maxwell, and Gospel Oak Mines, were located near the town.[10]

Bushrangers

[edit]

Bushrangers made four significant incursions at Canowindra within the space of a year, the first of which occurred in September 1863. Late on Saturday morning, 26 September 1863, the bushrangers John Gilbert and Ben Hall, with three other gang members (John O'Meally, Michael Burke and John Vane), arrived at Albert Rothery's 'Clifden' station at Limestone Creek, south-west of Carcoar, where they bailed up the occupants and "partook of dinner – regaling themselves with champagne and brandy".[11][12][13]: 136–137  From Rothery's the bushrangers proceeded to Canowindra (after having informed Rothery of their intended destination), arriving at the township at six o'clock in the afternoon. They firstly detained Constable Sykes, the only policeman stationed at Canowindra, and took him to Robinson's public-house. O'Meally and Burke remained at the inn while Hall, Gilbert and Vane "went on a foraging expedition" to the two stores in the township, belonging to Pierce and Hilliar, taking a quantity of men's clothing and three pounds in cash. They then adjourned to Robinson's house and ordered tea. The publican and his wife had departed for Bathurst, leaving Robinson's sister and "the two Miss Flanagan's in charge of the house". After they had eaten "Gilbert very politely requested one of the young ladies to play him a tune on the piano". Later in the evening a dance was proposed, which "continued till daylight the next morning". A number of the town's residents had also been brought to the public-house and it was reported that "the night's amusement" was "spoken of as one of the jolliest affairs that has ever taken place in that small town".[11] In the morning Hall, Vane and Burke rode to 'Bangaroo' station in search of horses, but finding none, returned to Canowindra where Gilbert informed them that troopers were camped on the opposite side of the Belubula River, now in full flood, waiting for the waters to subside. With the exception of Burke, the bushrangers crossed the flooded stream and camped on a hill overlooking the town. Burke crossed the next morning after the waters had dropped, after which the gang rode into "very rough country" to evade the police.[13]: 139–140 

On Monday morning, 12 October 1863, John Gilbert, Ben Hall and John O'Meally returned to Canowindra and "held it against all comers" for three days and nights, "their proceedings being characterised by a cool audacity, which has hitherto been unequalled". The bushrangers stuck up the stores and public-houses in the township and established a base at William Robinson's public-house. Gang-members guarded the approaches to the town, and anybody who made an appearance was taken into custody and brought to the hotel. Their captives were told they must remain at the hotel, but they "might call for whatever [they] liked at the bushrangers' expense". On learning of the bushrangers' incursion, the local policeman, Constable Sykes, had started for Eugowra (being unable to cross the rising Belubula River to go to Cowra). However he was met on the road by the bushrangers and turned back. The outlaws confiscated his firearms and handcuffs and took him to Robinson's public-house, telling him "to go in and enjoy himself till he received further orders". Each dray and their horse- or bullock-teams that arrived during the three days were stopped; eventually numbering about twelve to fourteen, the teamsters were "lodged, fed and supplied with drink, free of expense" and no attempt was made by the bushrangers to interfere with their loads. At one stage Gilbert purchased a bundle of cigars and threw them on one of the tables in the hotel for anyone who cared to smoke them. A "pile of sweetmeats" was also provided for the enjoyment of all.[14][15]

It was believed that the bushrangers were expecting a gold escort to arrive at the township (which never arrived).[16] Mid-morning on the Tuesday three landholders and businessmen from the Forbes district, Hibberson, Twaddell and Kirkpatrick, drove up to the hotel, where Ben Hall informed them they were to be detained. As they got down from their vehicle John O'Meally saw that Kirkpatrick was carrying a revolver, and held his own weapon at Kirkpatrick's head, "compelled him to give it up". "A first-class dinner was ordered" for the three squatters, "and the cost of this as well as everything else called for was defrayed by the gang". By the third day there were about forty people detained at the hotel. During the occupation the bushrangers only drank bottled ale and porter, insisting that the corks be drawn in their presence. The outlaws engaged in a variety of amusements, of which target shooting was a favourite. For those who resided in the neighbourhood wishing to visit their homes, a leave of absence was granted providing it did not exceed an hour. The bushrangers departed on the afternoon of the third day. That evening the bushrangers stuck up Thomas Grant's station on the Belubula River and burned it down as vengeance on the owner who had, on a previous occasion, given information to the police about their likely whereabouts.[14]

In the early hours of Wednesday morning, 4 November 1863, Gilbert, Hall and O'Meally went to Robinson's public-house in Canowindra and knocked on the door. Upon opening, the publican William Robinson "was confronted by Ben Hall, holding two revolvers levelled at him". Hall asked if there were any police in the house and then the three bushrangers "entered the bar and drank nobblers". They stopped for about a quarter of an hour. When they left they took two bottles of port-wine and two of Old Tom gin, for which they offered to pay with a £5 note (but Robinson was unable to provide change for that amount).[17]

On Tuesday, 21 June 1864, Ben Hall and two companions entered Pierce's store at Canowindra "without attracting notice". Finding the proprietor, John Pierce, alone they bailed him up and robbed him of about ten pounds in cash as well as goods from the store. In the belief he had further money hidden away the bushrangers burnt portions of the account books, but to no avail. They then took him six miles into the bush and tied him to a tree, threatening him with death and urging that he must procure £300 from his brother in Carcoar. Pierce was eventually freed when he was able to convince Hall and his men that no money could be obtained.[18][19]

Built environment

[edit]
Noojee lea homestead
All Saints Anglican Church is one of several places of worship
  • Gaskill Street: Today the main street, Gaskill Street, has an old-world air, with its kerbside verandah posts lining the dog-leg course of what was once a bullock team track. A total of 34 buildings and features in the town and environs are listed in the New South Wales State Heritage Register including 17 in or adjacent to Gaskill Street,[20]
  • The Swinging Bridge: In the early 20th century residents of South Canowindra then a village in Waugoola Shire, agitated[21] for a bridge to be built at the end of Finn's Lane to give pedestrian access to the Canowindra business area, then situated in the then neighbouring Boree Shire. Eventually, a low-level footbridge financed by the two shires and local residents was completed early in 1928. The footbridge was washed away by a major flood event in 1934. In 1938 a new suspension bridge was built, locally known as the "Swinging Bridge". It has been modified and strengthened over the years to withstand the floods that were formerly regular occurrences in Canowindra.[22]
  • All Saints' Anglican Church Designed by noted ecclesiastical architect, Louis Williams All Saints' is a simple brick church. It was partially constructed in 1927–8 in a modified Gothic mode, when the sanctuary, choir and nave were built. It was subsequently finished to Williams' original design in 1959. The building houses several distinctive stained glass windows including the vesica window designed by the European trained artist, William Montgomery.[23] One window "Jesus with the Doctors" was made by Christian Waller and installed in the 1930s and at least two windows were made by her husband, Napier Waller.
  • Noojee Lea is a homestead located some 9 km south-west of the town on the Belubula River. The lands currently occupied by the house and demesne including more than 2000 hectares of rural property along Fish Fossil Drive were originally granted to Robert Read in 1869.[24] Since 1981 the owners are the family of the prominent businessman and "BRW rich lister" Charles Curran AO. There have been several iterations of the garden including a design in 2010 by a local landscaper, Sally Bourne. Subsequently, further improvements on the layout were carried out by the Melbourne landscape designer Paul Bangay in 2015. The Curran family hold an open day at the homestead each year with proceeds benefiting the Canowindra Soldiers' Memorial Hospital.[25] In April 2021 the gardens were featured in a segment by Graham Ross on the Better Homes and Gardens television program.[26]
  • The Big Peg Canowindra is home to one of Australia's big things located in a field just outside the town on the road to Cargo, New South Wales.[27]

Modern Canowindra

[edit]

Demographics

[edit]

Since early days of European settlement the population of the town has grown steadily.

Year Population Notes
1866 120
1871 200–250
1890 400 within one mile not counting Belmore 154 ( Mr Dry, Railway Inquiry 1890)
1901 416 Year of Federation
1911 1,535 Year after railway service opened
1933 1,716 Great Depression
1947 2,271 Post World War II
1951 1,747 Both mills had closed in 1950s
1954 1,915 Census[28]
1961 1,749 Census
1966 1,717
1971 1,679 Finns Store closed 1970
2001 2,340 Census data – Postal Area POA2804
2006 2,626 Census data – Postal Area POA2804
2011 2,381 Census

The State Suburb (SSC) of Canowindra (SSC 10796) completely encompasses Moorbel (SSC 12709), Nyrang Creek (SSC 13059) and nearly all of Billimari (SSC 10354). The combined population of these SSCs in 2016 was 2,673. For the 2021 census the ABS released the population data based on the 2804 Postal Area and the total population had increased to 2,832.

Census data for the "Urban Centre and Locality"[29] which excludes Moorbel shows that between 2001 and 2016 the numbers have reduced from 1516 to 1395. However, the figures for wider area "State Suburb (SSC)"[30] show a modest increase in the count from 2,126 in 2006 to 2258 in 2016.[31]

In the Canowindra SSC, 88.2% of people were born in Australia and 91.5% of people only spoke English at home. The most common responses for religion were Catholic 29.7%, Anglican 26.6%, No Religion 16.5% and Uniting Church 8.9%.[1]

Suburbs

[edit]

There are two residential areas associated with the town: South Canowindra and Moorbel.

The "Village of South Canowindra" is a rural place located south of the Bellubula River.[32]

Moorbel is a locality about 3 km E by N of Canowindra and 4 km SW by W of South Canowindra. In February 1917, residents of Belmore petitioned the postal inspector at Parkes for a postal receiving station. Because a place named Belmore existed in Sydney, the residents submitted other names, with Moorbel finally being approved by the Department of Lands in July 1917.[33] A local market is held at Moorbel Hall each month.

Canowindra Soldiers Memorial Hospital

[edit]

Located in Browns Avenue, the hospital was built as a memorial for the men of the district who served in World War I.[34] The foundation stone was laid in 1921 and the Soldier's Memorial Hospital opened, on Peace Day 28 June 1922.[35] Part of the Western NSW Local Health District,[36] the hospital has a limited number of acute and nursing home beds. The hospital also serves as a centre for various health services including rehabilitation and emergency. The emergency department was redeveloped in 2017.[37]

Education

[edit]

The town has three schools: a state co-educational Years 7–12 high school, Canowindra High School, a state K–6 primary school, Canowindra Public School and St Edwards Primary School, a Roman Catholic systemic K–6 primary school.[38]

Early childhood education is provided by the Canowindra Pre-school Kindergarten Inc. (a registered association that commenced operations in 1958[39]) and registered home based educators managed by Cabonne/Blayney Family Day Care Service.[40]

Service, Social and Community

[edit]

There is an active Lions Club. The branch of the Country Women's Association (CWA) which meets in its own hall with modern catering facilities was founded in 1924.[41]

A community garden which is open to all residents and visitors is managed by a local committee.[42]

The Canowindra Services & Citizens Club Ltd is a registered club providing a wide range of facilities for members and the community including a bistro and a community hall which can be hired by the public.

The Canowindra Garden Club organises talks and visits to gardens throughout the region raising money for charity. The club donated $6,000 to the Canowindra Soldiers Memorial Hospital in 2018.[43]

The Canowindra Historical Society operates the Canowindra Historical Museum which is located in the town's main street next the Age of Fishes Museum. On display are a shepherd's hut circa 1828, Harold Boyd's complete dental surgery, a wedding gown collection from 1881 to 1982, a reconstructed wool shed, wheat harvesters collection from 1843, photo collection and the Pioneers Wall.[44]

Canowindra Pastoral Agricultural and Horticultural Association manages the town's showgrounds and organises the annual show which has been held since 1900.[45]

The Miracle House

[edit]

When the special support needs of a local family with triplets diagnosed with a congenital form of muscular dystrophy and restrictive lung disease were identified in 2013, residents of the town and the wider central western NSW region started fundraising with the aim, inter alia, of building a house with appropriate design features for the use of the family as well as providing ongoing support.[46] A charity was registered in 2016[47] Since then cash donations and in kind have been raised with the family moving into their new house in March 2018.[48] In 2021 following further fund raising a hydrotherapy pool was installed at the house.

Culture

[edit]

Organised by the Canowindra Fine Music Group,[49] The Baroque Music Festival is an annual presentation of baroque and related music performances at various venues around the town.[50]

The town's branch of the CWA presents a "Sunday Serenade" at All Saints Church annually which showcases local performance talent. Monies raised are used to fund music and voice scholarships for local school children.

Sport and recreation

[edit]
Canowindra Oval (front) and Showgrounds (background)

A number of sports clubs provide facilities and organised competitions. Such sports include Rugby league (men and women's playing as Canowindra Tigers), Rugby union (Canowindra Pythons), Cricket (Canowindra Sixers), Tennis, Lawn Bowls, Squash, Golf and Swimming. For younger age groups there is a pony club which meets fortnightly at the showground and a Little Athletics centre which participates in the Central Tablelands zone.[51]

The town has a council maintained sports oval with floodlighting, Tom Clyburn Oval. At the oval there are well maintained fitness stations, basketball courts and skateboarding facilities.

A nine-hole golf course is supported by a registered club.

Cabonne Council owns and operates the swimming pool which is open from late Spring to mid Autumn.[52]

RV Friendly Town

[edit]
An essential facility sought after by caravaners

Since 2016 Canowindra has been recognised by the Campervan and Motorhome Club of Australia (CMCA) as an RV Friendly Town. Facilities for caravaners and campers include low cost camp sites, easy access to the retail area, access to water and a free user friendly waste dump point.[53]

Media

[edit]

Radio stations Radio stations with transmissions able to be received in Canowindra include-

AM Band:

FM Band:

Television Canowindra receives five free-to-air television networks and their affiliates which are broadcast from nearby Mt Canobolas:

Subscription television service Foxtel is available in Canowindra and the surrounding area via satellite transmission.

Internet NBN FTTN internet service is available to most of the built up area of the town via a number of reseller ISPs.

Wineries

[edit]

Canowindra is considered to be part of the Cowra wine region[54] which is a sub-area of the Central Ranges wine zone. There are eight wineries centred on the town, some of which offer cellar door sales.

Other

[edit]

The Royal Hotel is on the site of another inn owned by Robinson and the plaque on the wall indicates present day understanding that this was the inn where Ben Hall's bushranging gang had their spree.

Other notable buildings include the nursing home, the Junction Hotel, Finn's Building, the Victoria Hotel, the former Bank of NSW and the former CBC Bank. The Trading Post, a homewares shop, won the inland tourism award for 2006.[55]

Ballooning

[edit]
Balloons over Canowindra during the 2011 Australian Hot Air Balloon Championships

Canowindra is also popularly known as the Ballooning Capital of Australia.[56][57]

Hot air balloon in Canowindra Sports Oval

In April 1988, an endorsed bicentennial activity the "Canowindra 88 Bicentennial Balloon Championships" was held in the town.[58] The 1988 event was also the Australian National Championship under the auspices of the Australian Ballooning Federation. The champion in 1988 was John Wallington. Subsequently, the 2011, 2013 and 2014 championships were also held in Canowindra.[59]

From 1995[60] to 2005, an event known as Marti's Balloon Fiesta[61] was held in Canowindra. Funded in large part by Frank Hackett-Jones, it was primarily a fun event designed to bring together balloonists and spectators from local, national and international locations in a celebration of Central West hospitality and goodwill.[62]

Canowindra Challenge event 2018

The Canowindra International Balloon Challenge is the largest ballooning event in Australia and takes place in Canowindra in April. In 2010, the Challenge created a local balloon event that has grown to where it now attracts pilots and balloons from around the globe to build upon the principles of Marti's Fiesta, bringing businesses together to support a week-long event of ballooning competitions and skill-based activities. The use of location-enabled (GPS), point-of-view camera technologies was combined with live-to-web broadcasts via an online streaming platform for viewers to share in the spectacle and to join in the event virtually and for free.

A balloon glow is held as part of the event along with a local food and wine market based on the 100-mile principle where the products must be made or produced within 100 miles (160 km) of Canowindra. The last Sunday of the event also features a 'key grab', where pilots test their skill in an attempt to grab a large key from the top of a 10 metres (33 ft) pole.

This event coincides with food and wine events which brings participation from the greater Cabonne and surrounding districts during April each year. Canowindra also hosted the Australian National Balloon Championships in 2011, 2013 (awarded silver at the NSW State Tourism Awards in the Festivals and Events category[63]) and 2014, creating a larger, more competitive event. In 2014, the event went fully international with pilots from Japan, the United States of America, Russia, Brazil and the United Kingdom competing.

In 2020, the Balloon Challenge was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[64] The 2021 event was held as scheduled on 26 April to 1 May.[65][66]

Fossils

[edit]
The John Andrews designed museum building
Cast of the slab found in 1956, that preserves 114 fish individuals trapped in a dried up freshwater pool.

Canowindra is the site of one of the world's great fossil discoveries from the late Devonian period. A chance discovery by a road worker in 1956 uncovered a sandstone slab packed with 114 fish fossils. This slab was from the Mandagery Sandstone, dating from the Devonian period in the Paleozoic era, more than 360 million years old. The "Canowindra slab" was initially removed to the Australian Museum, Sydney. The fish had been buried when trapped in a pool of water that dried up, stranding a school of armoured antiarch placoderms in the species Remigolepis walkeri and Bothriolepis yeungae.[67] Other important fossils include Canowindra grossi (a lobe-finned crossopterygian fish, the largest fish in the slab), two rare juvenile arthrodire placoderms and two small and inconspicuous juveniles of the Groenlandaspis genus.[68]

No further fossils had been recovered until January 1993, when a trial dig under the supervision of paleontologist Dr Alex Ritchie on the site using an excavator rediscovered the fossil stratum, where the mass mortality of fishes was preserved in detail (see Lagerstätte). Specimens can be viewed in the specially established The Age of Fishes Museum, with scientific support and funding from the Australian Museum. The Canowindra site has now been listed as part of Australia's National Heritage because of its international scientific importance.[69][70][71]

Work commenced in 1999 to build the Age of Fishes Museum at Canowindra, designed by the Australian architect, John Andrews. The 1956 slab, previously housed in Sydney, was returned in 2006 to be permanently displayed in the Canowindra museum. In 2019 the fossil bearing rock slabs that were previously stored under the grandstand at the Canowindra Showgrounds were transported to a purpose-built storage facility next to the Age of Fishes Museum.[72][73]

In 2013 the naturalist and wildlife broadcaster Sir David Attenborough visited the Age of Fishes Museum and described the collection of fossils as "world class".[74][72]

State Emblem

[edit]

The official NSW State Fossil Emblem is Mandageria fairfaxi. The 370 million year old fossil fish from the Canowindra Fish Bed was named as the NSW State Fossil Emblem in 2015.[75]

Notable Canowindrans

[edit]
[edit]
  • The town's bushranger history inspired the play Canowindra; or, The Darky Highwayman and the Settlers’ Homes on the Abercrombie described in the theatre's advertising as "a new local Drama, in two acts, full of startling situations and effects, on the events of the present day...".[88]
  • From 1934 to 1936 at the height of the Great Depression, Lewis Rodd, a noted Christian Socialist and pacifist, was a teacher at the then Canowindra Central School.[89] He and his wife, Kylie Tennant, lodged at the Canowindra Hotel in Gaskill Street. It was during this time Tennant wrote her first novel "Tiburon" (first published in serial form in The Bulletin 1935) about the "suspicions and mores of life in a country town", which the author stated to have been based, in part at least, on Canowindra.[90][91] The novel won the S. H. Prior Memorial Prize in 1935.[92]
  • The 1991, Inspector Morse episode "Promised Land" was set and shot in Canowindra.[93]
  • Circa 1994 singer-songwriter Col Buchanan wrote and recorded "Canowindra Means Home" for an album of songs released in conjunction with the annual Balloon Festival.
  • The 2015, Australian–Irish drama suspense film Strangerland featured Canowindra as the Australian desert town where characters Catherine (Nicole Kidman) and Matthew Parker's (Joseph Fiennes) lives are flung into crisis when they discover their two teenage kids, Tommy and Lily, have mysteriously disappeared just before a massive dust storm hits. This film was directed by Kim Farrant and written by Michael Kinirons and Fiona Seres.[94]
  • The 2005 action–adventure–comedy film Kangaroo Jack featured scenes from the Canowindra area as well as a scene featuring the Royal Hotel. The Royal Hotel itself was never actually used in the movie as a replica was built in studios in Sydney for the scene.
  • A local Holden car collector, the late[95] Charlie McCarron, was featured in an ABC-sponsored short film project "My Back Roads"[96] talking about the sale of his collection. Until that sale his collection had been displayed in the Canowindra Motors Holden Museum.[97]
  • In January 2018, Canowindra was featured in the sixth episode of Series 3 of the ABC TV program Back Roads.[98] The program examined the townspeople's efforts to recover from a rural economic downturn, the annual Canowindra International Balloon Challenge and the assistance provided to the Read family. The episode achieved an OzTAM capital city viewership of 599,000, outrating some sports telecasts.[99]
  • In January 2018 an episode of the Seven Network's "Sydney Weekender" show was filmed in the town,[100] The segment aired in March 2018.[101]
  • In April 2018, part of an episode of ABC TV's "Escape to the Country - Australia" was filmed in the town.
  • In April 2018, the International Balloon Challenge Balloon Glow event was live streamed into China by Xinhua News Agency on their social media channels.[102]
  • In May 2021 reporters from CNN featured the town and residents in a report on the 2021 NSW mouse plague.[103]
  • In December 2023, the ABC Science Show re-broadcast, after nearly 50 years, a purported interview with "1963 Nobel Prize winner", Sir Clarence Lovejoy, which included the assertion that Lovejoy had been born and raised in Canowindra. [104]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Australian Bureau of Statistics (28 June 2022). "Canowindra". 2021 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 28 June 2022. Edit this at Wikidata Material was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Archived 2022-06-29 at the Wayback Machine.
  2. ^ Macquarie Dictionary, Fourth Edition (2005). Melbourne, The Macquarie Library Pty Ltd. ISBN 1-876429-14-3
  3. ^ "Canowindra". Geographical Names Register (GNR) of NSW. Geographical Names Board of New South Wales. Retrieved 28 June 2009. Edit this at Wikidata
  4. ^ a b "ANPS - Working on Canowindra". Archived from the original on 9 March 2018. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
  5. ^ Read, Peter (1983). Home » ANU Research » Theses » Open Access Theses » A history of the Wiradjuri people of New South Wales 1883-1969. doi:10.25911/5d7784b0e7849. Archived from the original on 12 February 2020. Retrieved 14 May 2018.
  6. ^ "South Western Slopes - regional history". 27 February 2011. Archived from the original on 18 August 2014. Retrieved 14 May 2018.
  7. ^ Gai Muchamore. "James Collits". Archived from the original on 11 March 2018. Retrieved 18 February 2024.
  8. ^ "CANOWINDRA". Australian Town and Country Journal. NSW. 21 August 1875. p. 10. Retrieved 12 July 2013 – via Trove.
  9. ^ "COUNTRY NEWS". The Sydney Morning Herald. 16 May 1901. p. 5. Retrieved 18 February 2024 – via Trove.
  10. ^ "Gold from The Blue Jacket Mine (Belmore Mine), Canowindra, Ashburnham Co., New South Wales, Australia". www.mindat.org. Retrieved 20 September 2020.
  11. ^ a b Bushranging, Empire (Sydney), 6 October 1863, page 2.
  12. ^ The Bushrangers in the Western Districts, Sydney Morning Herald, 7 October 1863, page 5.
  13. ^ a b White, Charles; Vane, John (1908). John Vane, Bushranger. Sydney: Bookstall Co.
  14. ^ a b Canowindra Held by the Bushrangers for Three Days, Sydney Morning Herald, 20 October 1863, page 5; reprinted from the Bathurst Times, 17 October 1863.
  15. ^ Letter from William Robinson to Frederick Pottinger, dated Wednesday, 14 October 1863; published in: Parliamentary Paper, Empire (Sydney), 11 April 1864, page 2.
  16. ^ Memo written by Frederick Pottinger, dated Wednesday, 14 October 1863; published in: Parliamentary Paper, Empire (Sydney), 11 April 1864, page 2;
  17. ^ The Bushrangers at Canowindra, Newcastle Chronicle and Hunter River District News, 21 November 1863, page 3; reprinted from the Bathurst Times, 11 November 1863.
  18. ^ The Bushrangers Again at Canowindra, Empire (Sydney), 1 July 1864, page 5.
  19. ^ "The Old Man", Bendigo Advertiser, 15 November 1864, page 3; reprinted from the Pastoral Times (Deniliquin).
  20. ^ "Search for NSW heritage | NSW Environment & Heritage". Archived from the original on 9 February 2013. Retrieved 16 July 2018.
  21. ^ "25 Jan 1913 - Site for Bridge over Belubula River. - Trove". Cowra Free Press. 25 January 1913. Archived from the original on 4 May 2018. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
  22. ^ "Canowindra Footbridge, then and Now". 15 December 2009. Archived from the original on 4 May 2018. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
  23. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 September 2018. Retrieved 17 September 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  24. ^ "Former media baron and rich lister Charles Curran selling horse stud". 9 March 2018. Archived from the original on 6 October 2018. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  25. ^ "Private garden open for Spring Garden Event hospital fundraiser". 5 September 2018. Archived from the original on 6 October 2018. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  26. ^ "Graham visits Noojee Lea gardens | Better Homes and Gardens". 23 April 2021.
  27. ^ Curtis, Jane (21 February 2018). "The Big Root and 10 more obscure Australian Big Things". ABC News. Retrieved 14 December 2021.
  28. ^ Whalan, Kevin (26 October 1961). "The Canowindra Star". Kevin Whalan.
  29. ^ "Chapter - Urban Centre and Locality (UCL)". 16 October 2012. Archived from the original on 24 May 2018. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
  30. ^ "1270.0.55.003 - Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS): Volume 3 - non ABS Structures, July 2016". Archived from the original on 24 May 2018. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
  31. ^ "Census". Archived from the original on 2 August 2017. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
  32. ^ "Extract - Geographical Names Board of NSW". Archived from the original on 16 May 2018. Retrieved 16 May 2018.
  33. ^ "Extract - Geographical Names Board of NSW". Archived from the original on 5 March 2018. Retrieved 5 March 2018.
  34. ^ "Canowindra Soldiers Memorial Hospital | Monument Australia". Archived from the original on 24 May 2018. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
  35. ^ "Another milestone for the Soldier's Memorial Hospital". 29 June 2004. Archived from the original on 24 May 2018. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
  36. ^ "WNSWLHD | Find Your Health Service". Archived from the original on 9 July 2018. Retrieved 9 July 2018.
  37. ^ "Million Dollar Canowindra Hospital Emergency Department Redevelopment Now Open". 17 January 2018. Archived from the original on 24 May 2018. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
  38. ^ "Home - My School". www.MySchool.edu.au. Archived from the original on 24 February 2018. Retrieved 9 January 2018.
  39. ^ "Dazzling Diamond Jubilee a Huge Success". 23 May 2018. Archived from the original on 25 May 2018. Retrieved 25 May 2018.
  40. ^ Anonymous (22 June 2015). "Family Day Care". www.Cabonne.nsw.gov.au. Archived from the original on 15 December 2017. Retrieved 9 January 2018.
  41. ^ "CWA Canowindra – Welcome to the Canowindra Branch of the Country Women's Association of NSW". Archived from the original on 27 March 2018. Retrieved 27 March 2018.
  42. ^ "Canowindra Community Garden". National Heart Foundation of Australia. Archived from the original on 27 March 2018. Retrieved 27 March 2018.
  43. ^ "Garden Club Helps to Deliver New Patient Lounge". The Canowindra Phoenix. 18 April 2018. Archived from the original on 24 April 2018. Retrieved 18 February 2024.
  44. ^ "Canowindra Historical Museum". mgnsw.org.au. Museums & Galleries of NSW. 12 June 2013. Archived from the original on 31 March 2018. Retrieved 18 February 2024.
  45. ^ Bassett, Nita; Coady, Min (2001). The Shop Window of Canowindra - 1900-2001: Showcasing Our Town and District for Over 100 Years. Canowindra Pastoral, Agricultural and Horticultural Association, Inc. ISBN 0957923104. Archived from the original on 23 April 2018. Retrieved 18 February 2024. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  46. ^ "Modern barn-raising: friends and strangers help build 'Miracle' hemp house for country family in need". ABC News. 8 May 2017.
  47. ^ ACNC Charity
  48. ^ "Canowindra community spirit built on donations for 'Miracle House'". ABC News. 4 January 2018. Archived from the original on 17 March 2018. Retrieved 1 April 2018.
  49. ^ "Funding boost for Canowindra Baroquefest". 8 July 2015. Archived from the original on 24 May 2018. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
  50. ^ "Baroquefest". Archived from the original on 24 May 2018. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
  51. ^ "Canowindra Little Athletics Centre / Cabonne Council". Archived from the original on 31 March 2018. Retrieved 31 March 2018.
  52. ^ "Pools | Cabonne Council". Archived from the original on 26 March 2018. Retrieved 26 March 2018.
  53. ^ "Canowindra a RV friendly town | Cabonne Council". Archived from the original on 11 April 2018. Retrieved 11 April 2018.
  54. ^ "Cowra – NSW Wine Industry Association". Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 6 June 2018.
  55. ^ "Canowindra". Orange town and around website. 2006. Archived from the original on 7 February 2006. Retrieved 19 January 2007.
  56. ^ Werner, Joel (1 April 2012). "Hot air ballooning in Canowindra". ABC Radio National website. Archived from the original on 1 May 2020. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  57. ^ "Canowindra: Ballooning Capital of Australia". Canowindra visitor information website. Archived from the original on 27 April 2006. Retrieved 1 May 2020.
  58. ^ "Ballooning Canowindra NSW". Archived from the original on 30 April 2018. Retrieved 29 April 2018.
  59. ^ "History". www.abf.net.au. Australian Ballooning Federation. 2024. Retrieved 18 February 2024.
  60. ^ "Martis Canowindra Balloon Fiesta 19th - 21st April 2002". www.bushpoetry.com. Archived from the original on 16 September 2004. Retrieved 18 February 2024.
  61. ^ "Marti's Canowindra Balloon Fiesta 2005". www.martisfiesta.com.au. Archived from the original on 19 August 2006. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  62. ^ "Balloons on Canowindra". patdrummond.net. Retrieved 18 February 2024.
  63. ^ "Australian Ballooning Federation - Canowindra Challenge wins Silver Tourism Award". Archived from the original on 30 April 2018. Retrieved 30 April 2018.
  64. ^ Staff (17 March 2020). "Canowindra International Balloon Challenge cancelled due to coronavirus concerns". Canowindra News. Australian Community Media. Archived from the original on 18 March 2020. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
  65. ^ Chown, Matthew (20 January 2021). "Re-booted balloon festival to offer 'glimmer of hope in weird times'". Daily Liberal. Australian Community Media. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  66. ^ Gregory, Xanthe (27 April 2021). "Sailing in the sky' returns to balloon capital of Australia". ABC Central West. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 17 August 2021.
  67. ^ Other Remigolepis species have been discovered in Devonian rocks in China, Greenland and Russia.
  68. ^ Gennatas, Lou-Andrea (28 March 2022). Geochronology and provenance of the Late Devonian Canowindra fish bed, Lachlan Orogen (thesis thesis). Macquarie University. doi:10.25949/19432913.v1.
  69. ^ "The Canowindra Story – The Australian Museum and The Age of Fishes". Australian Museum. 2002. Archived from the original on 2 February 2007. Retrieved 19 January 2007.
  70. ^ "The Great Devonian Fish Fossils". Canowindra.org. Archived from the original on 15 July 2015. Retrieved 19 January 2007.
  71. ^ "A Unique Discovery". Ageoffishes.org. Archived from the original on 20 August 2006. Retrieved 19 January 2007.
  72. ^ a b Timeline, Age of Fishes Museum website; accessed 18 May 2024.
  73. ^ "There's something fishy about Canowindra's $600,000 building". 22 May 2018. Archived from the original on 24 May 2018. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
  74. ^ Nicky, Phillips (26 July 2013). "Sir David on mission to breathe life into neglected fish fossils". The Sydney Morning Herald. Fairfax Media. Archived from the original on 7 December 2017. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
  75. ^ "NSW State Fossil Emblem - Mandageria fairfaxi - NSW Resources and Energy". Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 4 June 2018.
  76. ^ "Mr George Douglas BASSETT (1888 - 1972)". www.parliament.nsw.gov.au. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 18 February 2024.
  77. ^ Maynard, Sarah (17 November 2020). "The Songs And Stories Tour". No. 611. The Canowindra Phoenix. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  78. ^ Mitchell, Bruce. "Stanley Gillick Drummond (1884–1943)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  79. ^ "Inaugural Speeches - Ms JULIA FINN" (PDF). Parliament of New South Wales. 6 May 2015. Retrieved 18 February 2024.
  80. ^ "GORDI reveals new single 'On My Side' with video from debut album RESERVOIR". Liberation Music. Archived from the original on 24 August 2017. Retrieved 20 July 2017.
  81. ^ "Wallabies". Australian Rugby Union.[dead link]
  82. ^ "Rugby Union - JAMES C GRANT". orange.nsw.gov.au. Orange City Council. Retrieved 18 February 2024.
  83. ^ Spencer, Adam (24 January 2021). "From Canowindra to the Coast: Rhyan Grant's life on the road". www.myfootball.com.au. Football Australia. Retrieved 18 February 2024.
  84. ^ Strack-Zimmermann, Benjamin (17 February 2024). "Rhyan Grant (Player)". www.national-football-teams.com. Retrieved 18 February 2024.
  85. ^ "Elwyn Lynn". Robin Gibson Gallery. Archived from the original on 10 January 2018. Retrieved 21 July 2017.
  86. ^ "Our Gal – Alicia Smith". The Canowindra Phoenix. 8 April 2020. Retrieved 18 February 2024.
  87. ^ "The Hon. Thomas George Murray (1885-1969)". Former members of the Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 3 November 2021.
  88. ^ "Advertising". Sydney Morning Herald. 12 December 1863. Retrieved 14 July 2024.
  89. ^ "Rodd, Lewis Charles (Roddy) (1905–1979)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. Archived from the original on 3 April 2018. Retrieved 3 April 2018.
  90. ^ A town like Canowindra The Daily Telegraph [dead link]
  91. ^ Grant, Jane (2005). Kylie Tennant: A Life. Canberra: National Library of Australia. p. 26. ISBN 064227617X. Tennant always claimed that... Triburon was an amalgam of Canowindra....
  92. ^ "Tennant, Kathleen (Kylie) (1912–1988)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. Archived from the original on 20 June 2018. Retrieved 19 June 2018.
  93. ^ "Inspector Morse" Promised Land (TV Episode 1991) - Filming & production". www.imdb.com. Retrieved 18 February 2024.[user-generated source]
  94. ^ "The Strangerland Shoot – Turning Canowindra into Bush Town "Nathgari"". Canowindra Phoenix. 9 April 2014./
  95. ^ "Canowindra loses one of its finest citizens". CowraGuardian.com.au. 17 August 2017. Archived from the original on 5 January 2018. Retrieved 9 January 2018.
  96. ^ "ABC OPEN: Canowindra's Holden car collector Charlie McCarron -- From Project: My Back Roads". open.ABC.net.au. Archived from the original on 14 May 2018. Retrieved 9 January 2018.
  97. ^ Canowindra Motors Holden Museum, australiaforvisitors.com. Retrieved 28 April 2023.
  98. ^ Heather Ewart (8 January 2018). "Canowindra, NSW" (TV episode). Back Roads (3 ed.). Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 18 February 2024.
  99. ^ "Nine's A Current Affair coverage of McLachlan allegations outrates ABC's 7:30 investigation". Mumbrella.com.au. 9 January 2018. Archived from the original on 9 January 2018. Retrieved 9 January 2018.
  100. ^ "Sydney Weekender stops by Canowindra". Cowra Guardian. 31 January 2018. Archived from the original on 5 February 2018. Retrieved 5 February 2018.
  101. ^ "Canowindra". Sydney Weekender. Archived from the original on 27 March 2018. Retrieved 27 March 2018.
  102. ^ "Glow Caps Off Amazing Week of Ballooning in Canowindra". Central Western Daily. 30 April 2018. Archived from the original on 2 May 2018. Retrieved 1 May 2018.
  103. ^ Watson, Angus; Devitt, Paul (21 May 2021). "Millions of mice are swarming Australian towns. Now there's a plan to end the plague with poison". Cable News Network (CNN). Retrieved 18 February 2024.
  104. ^ Robyn Williams (2 December 2023). Sir Clarence Lovejoy. ABC listen. Retrieved 8 February 2024.
[edit]

Media related to Canowindra, New South Wales at Wikimedia Commons