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The Apartheid Legislation in South Africa was a series of different laws and acts which were to help the apartheid-government to enforce the segregation of different races and cement the power and the dominance by the Whites, of substantially European descent, over the other race groups. Starting in 1948, the Nationalist Government in South Africa enacted laws to define and enforce segregation. With the enactment of apartheid laws in 1948, racial discrimination was institutionalised. According to economist Walter E. Williams, apartheid "maintained white power by denying political and economic liberty to black South Africans."^[1]

What makes South Africa's apartheid era different from segregation in other countries is the systematic way in which the National Party, which came into power in 1948, formalized it through the law.

The effect of the legislation was invariably favorable to the whites and detrimental to the other race groups.

Segregationist legislation before apartheid

Although apartheid as a comprehensive legislative project truly began after the National Party came into power in 1948, many of these statutes were preceded by the laws of the previous British and Afrikaner administrations in South Africa's provinces.^[2]^[3] An early example is the Glen Grey Act, passed in 1894 in Cape Colony, and which had the effect of diminishing the land rights of Africans in scheduled areas.^[4]

Primary apartheid legislation

The "apartheid laws" were enacted following the 1948 South African election and subsequent declaration of "grand apartheid". The principal pieces of legislation to enforce apartheid were as follows:^[5]

From Malan to Verwoerd (1948–1966)
Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act (1949)
Immorality Amendment Act † (1950)
Population Registration Act (1950)
Group Areas Act (1950)
Suppression of Communism Act (1950)
Native Building Workers Act (1951)
Separate Representation of Voters Act (1951)
Prevention of Illegal Squatting Act (1951)
Bantu Authorities Act (1951)
Native Laws Amendment Act † (1952)
Pass Laws Act (1952)
Public Safety Act (1953)
Native Labour (Settlement of Disputes) Act (1953)
Bantu Education Act (1953)
Reservation of Separate Amenities Act (1953)
Natives Resettlement Act (1954)
Group Areas Development Act (1955)
Riotous Assemblies Act (1956)
Industrial Conciliation Act (1956)
Natives (Prohibition of Interdicts) Act (1956)
Immorality Act (1957)
Bantu Investment Corporation Act (1959)
Extension of University Education Act (1959)
Promotion of Bantu Self-government Act (1959)
Unlawful Organizations Act (1960)
Indemnity Act (1961)
Coloured Persons Communal Reserves Act (1961)
Republic of South Africa Constitution Act (1961)
Urban Bantu Councils Act (1961)
General Law Amendment Act (1963)

After Verwoerd (1966–1994)
Terrorism Act (1967)
Coloured Persons Representative Council
Amendment Act † (1968)
Prohibition of Political Interference Act (1968)
Bantu Homelands Citizenship Act (1970)
Bantu Homelands Constitution Act (1971)
Aliens Control Act (1973)
Indemnity Act (1977)
Black Local Authorities Act (1982)
Republic of South Africa Constitution Act (1983)

References

^ Root, Damon (2011-01-28) Man Versus the State, Reason
^ Scythe, N C: 'Early apartheid: race laws in South Africa 1652 - 1836', LLM thesis, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 1995.
^ Smythe, N C: 'The origins of apartheid: race legislation in South Africa - 1836 - 1910'. LLM thesis, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 1995.
^ Smythe, N C: 'The origins of apartheid: race legislation in South Africa - 1836 - 1910', p 262. ELM thesis, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 1995.
^ Alistair Boddy-Evans. African History: Apartheid Legislation in South Africa, About.Com. Accessed October 19, 2008.

External links

African History: Apartheid Legislation in South Africa, About.Com

[1] Root, Damon (2011-01-28) Man Versus the State, Reason

[2] Scythe, N C: 'Early apartheid: race laws in South Africa 1652 - 1836', LLM thesis, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 1995.

[3] Smythe, N C: 'The origins of apartheid: race legislation in South Africa - 1836 - 1910'. LLM thesis, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 1995.

[4] Smythe, N C: 'The origins of apartheid: race legislation in South Africa - 1836 - 1910', p 262. ELM thesis, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 1995.

[5] Alistair Boddy-Evans. African History: Apartheid Legislation in South Africa, About.Com. Accessed October 19, 2008.

[1]

@@ Line 45: / Line 45: @@
 ==Primary apartheid legislation==
-The "apartheid laws" were enacted following the [[South African general election, 1948|1948 South African election]] and subsequent declaration of "grand apartheid".  The principal pieces of legislation to enforce apartheid were as follows:<ref>Alistair Boddy-Evans. [http://africanhistory.about.com/library/bl/blsalaws.htm African History: Apartheid Legislation in South Africa], [[About.Com]]. Accessed October 19, 2008.</ref>
+The "apartheid laws" were enacted following the [[South African general election, 1948|1948 South African election]] and subsequent declaration of "grand apartheid". The principal pieces of legislation to enforce apartheid were as follows:<ref>Alistair Boddy-Evans. [http://africanhistory.about.com/library/bl/blsalaws.htm African History: Apartheid Legislation in South Africa], [[About.Com]]. Accessed October 19, 2008.</ref>
+'''From Malan to Verwoerd (1948–1966)'''<br/>
-===1940s===
-* [[Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act]], Act No 55 of 1949
+[[Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act,     1949
+[[Immorality Act, 1927|Immorality Amendment Act]]<small>''' †'''</small> (1950)<br/>
+[[Population Registration Act,    1950
-===1950s===
+[[Group Areas Act]] 1950
-;Early 1950s
+[[Suppression of Communism Act,     1950
-* [[Immorality Amendment Act]], Act No 21 of 1950; amended in 1957 (Act 23)
+[[Native Building Workers Act, 1951|Native Building Workers Act]] (1951)<br/>
-* [[Population Registration Act]], Act No 30 of 1950
+[[Separate Representation of Voters Act,   of 1951
-* [[Group Areas Act]], Act No 41 of 1950
+[[Prevention of Illegal Squatting Act,     1951
-* [[Suppression of Communism Act]], Act No 44 of 1950
-* [[Bantu Building Workers Act]], Act No 27 of 1951
+[[Bantu  Act,    1951
+[[Native Laws Amendment Act, 1952|Native Laws Amendment Act]]<small>''' †'''</small> (1952)<br/>
-* [[Separate Representation of Voters Act]], Act No 46 of 1951
+[[Pass laws#Pass Laws Act|Pass Laws Act]] (1952)<br/>
-* [[Prevention of Illegal Squatting Act]], Act No 52 of 1951
+[[Public Safety Act, 1953|Public Safety Act]] (1953)<br/>
-* [[Bantu Authorities Act]], Act No 68 of 1951
+[[Native Labour (Settlement of Disputes) Act of 1953
-* [[Natives Laws Amendment Act]] of 1952
+[[Bantu Education Act,    1953
-* [[Natives (Abolition of Passes and Co-ordination of Documents) Act]], Act No 67 of 1952
+[[Reservation of Separate Amenities Act,     1953
-;Mid 1950s
+[[Natives Resettlement Act,    1954
-* [[Native Labour (Settlement of Disputes) Act]] of 1953
+[[Group Areas Development Act,     1955
-* [[Bantu Education Act]], Act No 47 of 1953
+[[Riotous Assemblies Act, 1956|Riotous Assemblies Act]] (1956)<br/>
-* [[Reservation of Separate Amenities Act]], Act No 49 of 1953
+[[Industrial Conciliation Act, 1956|Industrial Conciliation Act]] (1956)<br/>
-* [[Natives Resettlement Act]], Act No 19 of 1954
+[[Natives (Prohibition of Interdicts) Act,   of 1956
-* [[Group Areas Development Act]], Act No 69 of 1955
+[[Sexual Offences Act, 1957|Immorality Act]] (1957)<br/>
-* [[Natives (Prohibition of Interdicts) Act]], Act No 64 of 1956
+[[Bantu Investment Corporation Act,     1959
-;Late 1950s
+[[Extension of University Education Act,  of 1959
-* [[Bantu Investment Corporation Act]], Act No 34 of 1959
+[[Promotion of Bantu Self-government Act, 1959|Promotion of Bantu Self-government Act]] (1959)<br/>
-* [[Extension of University Education Act]], Act 45 of 1959
+[[Unlawful Organizations Act, 1960|Unlawful Organizations Act]] (1960)<br/>
-* [[Promotion of Bantu Self-Government Act]], Act No 46 of 1959
+[[Indemnity Act, 1961|Indemnity Act]] (1961)<br/>
+[[Coloured Persons Communal Reserves Act,     1961
-===1960s===
+[[South African Constitution of 1961|Republic of South Africa Constitution Act]] (1961)<br/>
-* [[Coloured Persons Communal Reserves Act]], Act No 3 of 1961
-* [[Preservation of Coloured Areas Act]], Act No 31 of 1961
+[[   Act,     1961
+[[General Law Amendment Act, 1963|General Law Amendment Act]] (1963)<br/><br/>
-* [[Urban Bantu Councils Act]], Act No 79 of 1961
+'''After Verwoerd (1966–1994)'''</br>
-* [[Terrorism Act No 83 of 1967|Terrorism Act]], Act No 83 of 1967
+[[Terrorism Act 1967|Terrorism Act]] 1967
+[[Coloured Persons Representative Council Amendment Act, 1968|Coloured Persons Representative Council <br/> Amendment Act]]<small>''' †'''</small> (1968)<br/>
-===1970s===
+[[Prohibition of Political Interference Act, 1968|Prohibition of Political Interference Act]] (1968)<br/>
-* [[Bantu Homelands Citizens Act]] of 1970
+[[Bantu Homelands Citizenship Act, 1970|Bantu Homelands Citizenship Act]] (1970)<br/>
+[[Bantu Homelands Constitution Act, 1971|Bantu Homelands Constitution Act]] (1971)<br/>
+[[Aliens Control Act, 1973|Aliens Control Act]] (1973)<br/>
+[[Indemnity Act, 1977|Indemnity Act]] (1977)<br/>
+[[Black Local Authorities Act, 1982|Black Local Authorities Act]] (1982)<br/>
+[[South African Constitution of 1983|Republic of South Africa Constitution Act]] (1983)
+<br>
 ==See also==

v t e Segregation in countries by type (in some countries, categories overlap)
Religious	Partition of India Northern Ireland Israel Serbia Greece and Turkey Partition of Bengal Portugal Saudi Arabia Spain Bahrain Myanmar
Ethnic and racial	Canada Bahrain Brazil Bulgaria and Romania Bulgaria Czechoslovakia and Hungary Dominican Republic Fiji France Germany Israel Malaysia Portugal Rhodesia Apartheid in South Africa Spain Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United States Civil War Separate but equal School segregation Brown v. Board of Education Massive resistance Anti-miscegenation laws
Gender	Islam Afghanistan Iran Saudi Arabia Judaism Sex segregation in public restrooms Separatist feminism
Dynamics	Auto-segregation Balkanization Ethnic cleansing Ethnic federalism Bantustan Ethnopluralism Ethnocracy Exclusionary zoning Forced migration Internment labor camps Residential segregation in the United States Segregation academy (United States) Social exclusion
Related topics	Apartheid laws Anti-miscegenation laws Black Codes Corporative federalism Discrimination Ghetto benches Hafrada Jim Crow laws Majority minority Nativism Nuremberg Laws Racism Rankism Religious intolerance Reservation in India Second-class citizen Separate school (Canada) Shunning Social apartheid White Australia policy Xenophobia
See also: Pillarisation Category caste gender racial Commons